Tips: Listen for the moment the speaker gives a personal view. Note how strongly the speaker supports the idea and in what form.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Universities should strongly encourage the study and let students choose from relevant courses.: Course choice is right. But 'strongly encourage' is the middle group's idea. The speaker supports a real requirement.
• Universities should require the study and give the whole student body one shared course.: The speaker does support a requirement. But the speaker wants relevant course options, not one course for everyone.
• Universities should strongly encourage the study and give the whole student body one shared course.: Both parts are wrong. The speaker supports a requirement and wants relevant course options.

Correct Answer: helps every discipline by encouraging critical thinking about land and community.

Why this is correct: Dr. Battiste says this learning benefits all disciplines, not just the humanities. The reason is that it encourages critical thinking about land, community, and responsibility.

Tips: When an expert is named, listen for two things: who gains, and the reason the expert gives.

Why the other options are wrong:

• helps every discipline by building knowledge of treaties and residential schools.: Treaties and residential schools come from the supporters' point about responsibility. Dr. Battiste's reason is critical thinking.
• helps mainly the humanities by encouraging critical thinking about land and community.: The reason is right. But she says the benefit is for all disciplines, not just the humanities.
• helps mainly the humanities by building knowledge of treaties and residential schools.: Both parts are wrong. She talks about every discipline and about critical thinking, not about treaties.

Correct Answer: programmes whose degree requirements are already very crowded.

Why this is correct: Some critics point out practical problems. Degree requirements are already crowded, especially in programmes like engineering or nursing.

Tips: When a speaker names examples, ask which argument they belong to and what problem or idea they illustrate.

Why the other options are wrong:

• fields where students most often start university underinformed.: The survey is about students in general. It does not name engineering, nursing or any other field.
• programmes where students may take a required course with resentment.: Resentment is a different worry from the critics. It is not linked to engineering or nursing.
• fields that could link Indigenous perspectives to their own subject.: Linking Indigenous perspectives to subjects like science or health is the middle position. Engineering and nursing are given as a problem, not a solution.

Correct Answer: spread Indigenous content across many faculties instead of one course.

Why this is correct: Manitoba has tried putting Indigenous content into many faculties. It does not rely on a single standalone course.

Tips: Match each named university to the position it is used to support, then check what it actually did.

Why the other options are wrong:

• require one standalone Indigenous studies course for every student.: This is the opposite of the example. Manitoba moved away from one standalone course.
• keep Indigenous content mainly inside its humanities programmes.: Manitoba uses many faculties, not mainly the humanities. Dr. Battiste also says the benefit goes beyond the humanities.
• hire Indigenous faculty and consult local communities before starting.: Hiring Indigenous faculty and consulting communities are the speaker's conditions. They are not what the Manitoba example shows.

Correct Answer: Worried, since it could make her finish her degree later than planned.

Why this is correct: The friend already struggles to fit all her required courses into four years. She worries another mandate could delay her graduation.

Tips: Listen for the word that shows how the person feels, then check the reason that comes with it.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Eager, since it could fill gaps in what she knows about this history.: The knowledge gap comes from the survey and the supporters. The friend does not talk about what she knows.
• Resentful, since she has little interest in studying this subject.: Resentment is what some critics fear in uninterested students. The friend never says she is not interested.
• Relaxed, since a flexible course could fit easily into her timetable.: She is not relaxed. She says she already struggles to fit her courses in, and she worries.

Correct Answer: aims at compliance rather than genuine understanding.

Why this is correct: The speaker says simply adding a mandatory course could be counterproductive. The goal should be genuine understanding, not compliance.

Tips: Think about what the speaker says the goal should be. Then ask whether this plan reaches that goal.

Why the other options are wrong:

• covers too little about residential schools and treaties.: Residential schools and treaties come from the supporters' argument. The speaker's own concern is the goal of the policy, not the amount of history.
• would still reach some students but not others.: The module is for all students, so it reaches everyone. Reaching every student consistently is the advocates' point.
• teaches the history but not Indigenous worldviews.: Indigenous worldviews come from Dr. Battiste's argument. The speaker does not raise this as a concern.