Tips: Keep the speaker's own opinion apart from the views of each group.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A main answer to late-night transit gaps, with limits on surge fares.: The speaker does want rules. But the speaker calls ride-sharing a supplement, not a solution, so it is not the main answer.
• An extra choice next to public transit, with fares left to demand.: The speaker does see ride-sharing as an extra choice. But the speaker wants strong public oversight, not fares left to the market.
• A replacement for night buses in the outer suburbs of big cities.: The speaker never says ride-sharing should replace buses. It should only add to public transit.

Correct Answer: Ride-sharing can fill gaps when transit does not fit work hours.

Why this is correct: The neighbour works night shifts. Transit did not match her schedule, so ride-sharing let her take extra hours. This supports the view that ride-sharing fills gaps.

Tips: Think about which point a personal story is told to show.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Ride-sharing can get shift workers home when transit is delayed.: Transit delays come up later, in the critics' part. The neighbour's problem was her schedule, not delays.
• Ride-sharing can get people across the suburbs faster than buses.: The neighbour does not compare travel times. Her problem was that transit did not run when she needed it.
• Ride-sharing can help older people reach long-term care at night.: The neighbour works at a long-term care home. The story is about her getting to work, not about patients.

Correct Answer: Higher fares hit riders with lower incomes the hardest.

Why this is correct: The critics say surging fares hurt lower-income riders most. The study then shows costs rose by over 60% during transit delays.

Tips: Notice which claim a piece of evidence is used to support.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Drivers often avoid neighbourhoods they see as less profitable.: Drivers avoiding some areas is a different critics' point. It comes after the study and is not backed by it.
• Ride-sharing fills gaps quickly when public transit is delayed.: Filling gaps quickly is the supporters' claim. The study shows that rides cost much more during delays.
• Reliable transport shapes people's access to jobs and healthcare.: Jobs and healthcare come from the speaker's opening. The study is about fares during transit delays.

Correct Answer: Doubtful, since its benefits are uneven across income and location.

Why this is correct: The speaker finds it hard to say ride-sharing made transport fairer. The benefits are uneven and depend on income and location.

Tips: Listen to how the speaker judges each claim, not only what the claim says.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Convinced, since it has clearly added choices at night.: The speaker agrees there are more choices at night. But the speaker is not convinced this makes transport fairer.
• Dismissive, since the extra choices it offers are not real.: The speaker says ride-sharing has increased options to some extent. So the speaker does not say they are not real.
• Unsure, since there is little evidence either way so far.: The speaker does not say evidence is missing. The speaker says the evidence shows the benefits are uneven.

Correct Answer: Service in parts of the city that are underserved.

Why this is correct: Dr. Singh says cities should require service coverage in underserved areas. Without that rule, the market goes to wealthier, busy zones first.

Tips: Keep each proposal linked to the person who makes it.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Lower fares for riders who earn low incomes.: Dr. Singh wants limits on extreme surge pricing. She does not ask for lower fares for people on low incomes.
• More drivers on duty whenever transit is delayed.: Transit delays come from the critics and the university study. Dr. Singh does not ask for more drivers at those times.
• Fewer drivers in the busiest parts of downtown.: Dr. Singh does not ask to cut drivers anywhere. She wants service added in underserved areas.

Correct Answer: Most of these gaps were inside the downtown core.

Why this is correct: Nearly 40% of the gaps were outside the downtown core. So about 60% were inside it, which is most of them.

Tips: When you hear a share, think about what the rest of the total must be.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Most of these gaps were outside the downtown core.: Nearly 40% is less than half. So most of the gaps were not outside the core.
• Most of these gaps had already been filled by ride-sharing.: The report counts gaps in transit service. It does not say ride-sharing had filled them.
• About two in five night buses ran outside the downtown core.: The 40% is a share of service gaps, not a share of night buses.