Tips: Several groups raise a different question in this report. Keep the speaker's own question apart from theirs.

Why the other options are wrong:

• How to pay for any relief while the country runs large deficits.: Deficits are the fiscal hawks' point. The speaker agrees blanket forgiveness is costly, but does not make cost the main focus.
• Whether the loan system makes inequality worse for poorer students.: Inequality is the equity argument from advocates. The speaker finds it hard to dismiss, but it is not the focus the speaker names.
• Whether forgiveness is fair to taxpayers who never borrowed at all.: Fairness to people who did not borrow is the social contract objection. The speaker does not take up this point.

Correct Answer: It would free up money that people spend in local economies.

Why this is correct: Dr. Chandran says forgiveness would work as economic stimulus. It would free up billions in consumer spending for housing, small businesses and local economies.

Tips: Several speakers describe effects of debt or of forgiveness. Match each effect to its speaker.

Why the other options are wrong:

• It would shrink the large loan portfolio the government now holds.: The loan portfolio of over 22 billion dollars comes from fiscal hawks. They use it to warn about cost, not as a benefit.
• It would let graduates put more money into retirement savings.: Delayed retirement savings is part of the student federation's argument. Dr. Chandran talks about spending, not saving.
• It would push up wages that have stayed flat for years.: Flat wages are part of the student federation's argument about causes. Dr. Chandran does not say forgiveness would raise wages.

Correct Answer: That broad forgiveness would favour graduates who now earn well.

Why this is correct: The analysis suggests broad forgiveness would mostly benefit higher-income graduates, such as doctors and lawyers. So it would help the professional class more.

Tips: When a report names an institute, ask which exact claim its work is used to support.

Why the other options are wrong:

• That broad forgiveness would add heavily to the federal deficit.: The deficit worry comes from fiscal hawks. The institute's analysis is about who would benefit, not the total cost.
• That broad forgiveness would ignore people who never went to university.: People who never went to university come up in the social contract objection. That is a separate argument.
• That the current loan system makes inequality worse over time.: Worsening inequality is the advocates' claim about the current system. The institute talks about who forgiveness would help.

Correct Answer: That debt is making graduates put off big life steps.

Why this is correct: The student federation says debt delays homeownership, family formation and retirement savings. The survey backs this: 43 percent of recent graduates delayed major life decisions.

Tips: For a survey, separate what it measured from the claims made near it by other people.

Why the other options are wrong:

• That forgiveness would boost spending in local businesses.: Local spending is Dr. Chandran's point about stimulus. The survey is about what graduates have delayed.
• That graduate students owe far more than undergraduates.: Higher debt for graduate students is mentioned at the start of the report. It is not what the survey measured.
• That students from poorer families rely most on loans.: Reliance on loans by lower-income families is the equity argument. The survey does not compare family backgrounds.

Correct Answer: Finds them hard to dismiss, but not a reason for blanket relief.

Why this is correct: The speaker says the equity arguments are hard to dismiss. But the speaker still calls blanket forgiveness poorly targeted and prefers a tiered approach.

Tips: Listen for the speaker's own judgement words about the argument. Then check how far the speaker takes that judgement.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Finds them persuasive, and enough to justify relief for everyone.: The speaker rejects blanket forgiveness. So the equity arguments are not treated as enough for relief for everyone.
• Finds them fair in theory, but outweighed by the risk to the budget.: The speaker does not set the equity case aside because of cost. The speaker still supports targeted forgiveness.
• Finds them hard to dismiss, and the strongest case in the debate.: The speaker never ranks the equity case as the strongest. The speaker also stresses the cost of tuition.

Correct Answer: She would get nothing from a student loan forgiveness plan.

Why this is correct: She paid her own way through an apprenticeship, so she had no student debt. Commentators say people like her would receive nothing from forgiveness.

Tips: This answer is not said in one sentence. Connect what the person did with what the report says about people like her.

Why the other options are wrong:

• She once had a student loan but has now paid it back.: She paid her own way as she trained. Nothing suggests she took a loan and repaid it later.
• She thinks her own training should have been paid for by taxes.: She asks why her taxes should pay for someone's MBA. She does not ask for her own training to be paid for.
• She is against tax money going to any kind of education.: Her complaint is about paying for someone's MBA through forgiveness. She does not object to all public spending on education.