Tips: Listen for what the speaker keeps saying should be kept apart.

Why the other options are wrong:

• should be examined on their own, apart from how used batteries are thrown away.: Poor disposal is one of the battery risks the speaker includes. The speaker separates battery risks from medicine, not from disposal.
• should be examined using the warnings on lithium medicine as a guide.: The speaker says medicine warnings do not tell us about battery exposure. So they should not guide the study of transport risks.
• should be examined mainly for fires from damaged or crushed batteries.: Fires are only one risk the speaker mentions. The speaker also talks about disposal and the wider transport system.

Correct Answer: reports suggesting more heart and other problems in babies.

Why this is correct: The pregnancy warning says lithium may cause harm to an unborn baby. It is backed by registry reports of more heart and other anomalies.

Tips: When reports are mentioned, decide which warning they are meant to back up.

Why the other options are wrong:

• reports of low body temperature and ECG changes in some babies.: These problems were reported in infants and newborns. They belong to the breastfeeding warning, not the pregnancy warning.
• reports that lithium passes into the mother's milk.: Lithium passing into milk is part of the breastfeeding warning. It does not support the pregnancy warning.
• guidance that poor handling of lithium can harm health.: This guidance comes from the US Environmental Protection Agency and is about batteries. It is not on the drug label.

Correct Answer: advised against it, except when a doctor judged the mother's benefits outweighed the infant's risks.

Why this is correct: The label generally advised against nursing. It allowed rare exceptions when a doctor judged that the mother's benefits outweighed the hazards to the infant.

Tips: When two people are compared, note whose benefits and whose risks are weighed.

Why the other options are wrong:

• advised against it, except when a doctor judged the infant's benefits outweighed the mother's risks.: The label weighs the mother's benefits against the infant's hazards. This choice swaps the mother and the infant.
• allowed it, except when a doctor judged the infant's risks outweighed the mother's benefits.: The label generally advised against nursing. It did not generally allow it.
• advised against it, except when a doctor had explained the risks to the infant.: Explaining the hazard is advice from the pregnancy warning. It is not the exception for nursing.

Correct Answer: wary, noting that it may not be the latest version.

Why this is correct: The speaker calls it an archived label that may not be the latest. The speaker says patients need current advice, which sounds wary.

Tips: Listen for how far the speaker trusts the source, not only what it says.

Why the other options are wrong:

• trusting, treating it as a sound guide for patients today.: The speaker says decisions need current clinical advice. So the speaker does not treat the old label as a guide for today.
• doubtful, suggesting its warnings were wrong even in 2018.: The speaker only says the label may be out of date. The speaker never says its warnings were wrong in 2018.
• dismissive, treating it as useless for any purpose.: The speaker uses the label as an example and repeats its warnings. So the speaker does not treat it as useless.

Correct Answer: batteries bring their own risks, such as poor disposal and fires.

Why this is correct: The EPA guidance says poor disposal can harm health and the environment. Damaged batteries can also start fires, so batteries have their own risks.

Tips: When an agency is cited, note which point its guidance backs up.

Why the other options are wrong:

• the side effects of lithium medicine can also come from batteries.: The speaker says medicine warnings do not show the effects of batteries. The EPA is not cited to link the two.
• transport safety questions reach beyond a single air shipment.: This is the speaker's own opening point. The EPA is cited later, about disposal, recycling and fires.
• lithium batteries are used in personal electronics as well as vehicles.: Where the batteries are used is the speaker's own opening point. The EPA is cited about disposal, recycling and fires.

Correct Answer: The patient should contact a doctor, and the lithium therapy should be stopped.

Why this is correct: The label lists tremor as one sign of toxicity. Each listed sign requires contact with a doctor and stopping lithium therapy.

Tips: Check whether the case matches one of the signs the label lists, and what the label says to do.

Why the other options are wrong:

• The patient should contact a doctor, but the lithium therapy can go on for now.: Contacting a doctor is right. But the label also says lithium therapy should be stopped.
• The patient can keep taking lithium and mention it at the next doctor visit.: Lithium does have side effects. But the label lists tremor as a warning sign that needs a doctor now and stopping lithium.
• The patient should be given some other medicines with caution instead.: This caution is about other medicines given to lithium patients. It is not what the label says to do about a tremor.