Read the following passage.
A. SGang Gwaay Llnagaay, once recorded as Ninstints and as Nan Sdins, is a Haida village site on a small island near the southern tip of Haida Gwaii, off the west coast of British Columbia. It is known for what still stands there: the remains of big cedar longhouses and a group of carved poles, some raised as memorials and some for the dead. Together they show the power and artistry of Haida society in the 19th century. In 1981 the island was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and as a National Historic Site.
B. The village stood in a sheltered bay on the east side of the island, where land and sea had long supplied its people. Recent research there points to more than 12,000 years of Haida use and care of these resources. Its longhouses were framed with very large posts and beams over deep, tiered house pits, and a row of them stood behind the poles. The poles carried crests of the Eagle and Raven clans, and some mortuary poles once held human remains. Three figures in tall hats were often carved at the top of Haida poles, recalling watchmen once posted to raise the alarm when enemies approached.
C. Contact with outside traders changed the village within a century. The maritime fur trade around Haida Gwaii, which ran largely from 1787 to 1840, brought great wealth but devastated the sea otter population. Diseases such as smallpox, measles and tuberculosis followed. At least 20,000 Haida are thought to have lived on the islands in the late 1700s, but fewer than 600 were left by the late 1800s. Survivors from the southern villages gathered at SGang Gwaay and were then invited to settle at Skidegate, and the village was occupied until shortly after 1880.
D. Today Parks Canada and the Haida care for the site together. In summer, Haida Gwaii Watchmen live on the island, limit how many visitors are on shore at one time and explain its history. Crews straighten leaning poles and clear away moss, but in 1995 hereditary chiefs decided that the poles should in time return to the earth. This shared care grew out of a turning point in 1985, when the Haida Nation led a blockade against logging on Lyell Island and 72 people were arrested. The stand drew international attention, and in 1993 Canada and the Haida signed the Gwaii Haanas Agreement to manage the area jointly.
E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.
Decide which paragraph, A to D, has the information given in each statement below. Select E if the information is not given in any of the paragraphs.
AI explanationShows the answer. Tap to open.
Correct Answer: D
Why this is correct: Paragraph D says that in summer the Haida Gwaii Watchmen live on the island. They limit how many visitors are on shore at one time. Summer is the warmer months, and limiting visitors on shore is controlling who comes ashore.
Passage Reference: In summer, Haida Gwaii Watchmen live on the island, limit how many visitors are on shore at one time and explain its history.
Tips: Find the 'guardians' who 'stay on the island'. Check when they are there, and what they control about people coming ashore.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A describes what stands at the village and its listing in 1981, not who stays there or manages visitors.
- B: Paragraph B mentions watchmen too, but they were guards posted long ago to warn of enemies, not people managing visitors.
- C: Paragraph C tells how the population fell and survivors moved to Skidegate, which is the opposite of people staying on the island.
- E: Paragraph D describes the Watchmen's summer work, including the limit on visitors, in its second sentence.
Correct Answer: C
Passage Reference: At least 20,000 Haida are thought to have lived on the islands in the late 1700s, but fewer than 600 were left by the late 1800s.
Why this is correct: Paragraph C says at least 20,000 Haida lived on the islands in the late 1700s. But fewer than 600 were left by the late 1800s. Thirty times 600 is 18,000, so under 600 is less than a thirtieth of 20,000.
Tips: Do the arithmetic: compare the two population figures, and ignore the other large numbers.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A places the village in the 19th century and dates its listing, but it gives no count of people.
- B: Paragraph B speaks of more than 12,000 years of Haida use. That is a length of time, not a number of people.
- D: The fourth paragraph gives one number of people, the 72 arrested in 1985, which says nothing about how the population changed.
- E: The two population figures, for the late 1700s and the late 1800s, sit side by side in Paragraph C.
Correct Answer: B
Passage Reference: Three figures in tall hats were often carved at the top of Haida poles, recalling watchmen once posted to raise the alarm when enemies approached.
Why this is correct: Paragraph B says three figures in tall hats were often carved at the top of Haida poles. They recall watchmen once posted to raise the alarm when enemies came. Raising the alarm is warning a village of attack, and the carved figures represented those guards.
Tips: Old guards and modern ones both appear. Find where carved figures stand for the old ones, and check where on the column they sit.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Look at paragraph A: it mentions carved poles raised as memorials and for the dead. But it says nothing about figures on top or any guards.
- C: Trade and disease change the village in paragraph C. Carvings and guards are never mentioned.
- D: Notice that paragraph D describes today's Watchmen, who welcome and manage visitors, not the old guards shown on the poles.
- E: The carved figures and the guards they recall are both named in the final sentence of Paragraph B.
Correct Answer: E
Passage Reference: Diseases such as smallpox, measles and tuberculosis followed.
Why this is correct: Paragraph C says diseases such as smallpox, measles and tuberculosis followed the fur trade. It names the illnesses but never says who brought them, so the claim about the sailors is not given.
Tips: Followed only gives an order of events. Check whether any paragraph says who brought the diseases.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: The first paragraph describes the carved poles and the listing of 1981, not any illness.
- B: Look at paragraph B: it covers how the village was built and decorated, before any traders arrived.
- C: The third paragraph lists the diseases that followed the fur trade, but it does not say who carried them to the village.
- D: In paragraph D, the topic is care of the site today and the protest of 1985. The paragraph does not mention disease.
Correct Answer: D
Passage Reference: Crews straighten leaning poles and clear away moss, but in 1995 hereditary chiefs decided that the poles should in time return to the earth.
Why this is correct: The fourth paragraph says that in 1995 hereditary chiefs decided the poles should in time return to the earth. Chiefs are leaders, and returning to the earth means the wood will slowly rot away.
Tips: Poles appear in three paragraphs. Look for a decision about their future.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Look at paragraph A: it says carved poles still stand at the village, but no one decides anything about their future there.
- B: In paragraph B, the writer explains what the poles showed, such as clan crests, but not what should happen to them later.
- C: Notice that paragraph C mentions an invitation to settle at Skidegate, which is a decision about people, not about the poles.
- E: The chiefs' decision of 1995 about the poles comes in the third sentence of Paragraph D, after the work of the crews.
Correct Answer: A
Passage Reference: SGang Gwaay Llnagaay, once recorded as Ninstints and as Nan Sdins, is a Haida village site on a small island near the southern tip of Haida Gwaii, off the west coast of British Columbia.
Why this is correct: The first paragraph says the village was once recorded as Ninstints and as Nan Sdins. Those are two other names used for it in the past, so the statement matches.
Tips: Many names appear in the passage. Look for ones given as another name for the same village.
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: Look at paragraph B: it names the Eagle and Raven clans, which are groups of people, not other names for the village.
- C: In paragraph C, the writer names Skidegate, a different place where survivors settled, not an older name for this village.
- D: The fourth paragraph names Lyell Island and the Gwaii Haanas Agreement, but it does not give any other name for the village.
- E: Ninstints and Nan Sdins, the two older names, appear in the first sentence of Paragraph A.
Correct Answer: B
Passage Reference: The village stood in a sheltered bay on the east side of the island, where land and sea had long supplied its people.
Why this is correct: The second paragraph says the village stood in a sheltered bay on the east side of the island. A sheltered bay is a protected inlet, and the east side is the eastern coast.
Tips: Two directions appear in the passage. One is for the islands and one is for the village on its island.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Notice that paragraph A places the island near the southern tip of Haida Gwaii, off the west coast. That is not where the village stood on its own island.
- C: Paragraph C mentions the southern villages and Skidegate. It does not say where the village sat on this island.
- D: Look at paragraph D: it says visitors are limited on shore. But it does not describe the bay or which side of the island it is on.
- E: The sheltered bay on the east side of the island opens Paragraph B.
Correct Answer: D
Passage Reference: This shared care grew out of a turning point in 1985, when the Haida Nation led a blockade against logging on Lyell Island and 72 people were arrested.
Why this is correct: The fourth paragraph says the shared care of the site grew out of a blockade against logging. The Haida Nation led it in 1985. Then in 1993, Canada and the Haida agreed to manage the area jointly. The blockade was a protest.
Tips: Find an act of protest led by the Haida. Then check what it led to later.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Look at paragraph A: it reports the listing of 1981, which came from outside bodies, not from any Haida protest.
- B: In paragraph B, the writer describes guards who watched for enemies long ago, not a modern protest over the land.
- C: Notice that paragraph C shows survivors leaving for Skidegate after great losses, not people resisting or winning a say in the land.
- E: The blockade of 1985 and the joint agreement that followed close Paragraph D.
Correct Answer: A
Passage Reference: Together they show the power and artistry of Haida society in the 19th century.
Why this is correct: The first paragraph talks about the longhouse remains and carved poles. Together they show the power and artistry of Haida society in the 19th century. Artistry is skill, and power is strength.
Tips: Skill and strength are paraphrases. Find the paragraph that says what the remains show as a whole.
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: Paragraph B explains how the longhouses were built and what the poles carried. It does not sum up what the remains reveal.
- C: In paragraph C, the writer tells of great wealth from the fur trade, which is about trade, not what the remains show.
- D: The fourth paragraph is about how the remains are cared for now, not about what they reveal of the people.
- E: The power and artistry that the remains show are named in the third sentence of Paragraph A.
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