Read the following passage.
A. People lived at L'Anse aux Meadows, at the northern tip of Newfoundland, for thousands of years before Europeans arrived. Archaeologists have found that five Indigenous groups used the site at different times before the Norse came, and one more after them. Around the year 1000 CE, the Norse built eight buildings there, with walls and roofs of sod laid over a frame. The site was not a colony but a base for exploring and for collecting resources wanted in Greenland, such as lumber and furs. No Indigenous group seems to have been on the site at that time, though their old hearths would have been visible to the Norse.
B. More than five centuries later, from 1534 to 1542, Jacques Cartier led three French expeditions into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Along the river lived the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, who grew corn, beans and squash near villages of large longhouses. In July 1534, Donnacona, the leader of the village of Stadacona, protested when Cartier raised a cross. On the second voyage the French spent the winter near Stadacona, and many suffered from scurvy until local people showed them a remedy made from evergreen trees. In the spring, Cartier seized Donnacona, his two sons and seven others and took them to France, where Donnacona died.
C. The fur trade began as a side activity of the fishing industry, because Indigenous people were eager to obtain metal and cloth goods from the Europeans who came to fish. From about 1600 to 1650, the French built trading and family alliances with the Huron-Wendat, Algonquin and Innu, who helped them collect and process beaver furs. Indigenous knowledge of the land and skill as interpreters were invaluable to French explorers. The French also copied Indigenous ways of travel, using the birchbark canoe in summer and snowshoes in winter. From 1690 to 1692, Henry Kelsey travelled with the Cree and reached the Saskatchewan River.
D. Researchers still cannot explain why the St. Lawrence Iroquoians left their lands between 1541 and 1603. Disease brought by Europeans, wars and a changing climate have all been suggested, but none of these ideas has been proved. The fur trade did not shape every meeting either, and the Niitsítapi (Blackfoot) refused to hunt beaver, which they saw as sacred. Some past historians described the fur trade as a mostly unequal business exchange. Historians now stress that it followed First Nations laws and that European traders entered an Indigenous world, where they could travel and trade only with the co-operation of First Nations.
E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.
Decide which paragraph, A to D, has the information given in each statement below. Select E if the information is not given in any of the paragraphs.
AI explanationShows the answer. Tap to open.
Correct Answer: D
Why this is correct: Look at the start of Paragraph D. Researchers still cannot explain why the St. Lawrence Iroquoians left their lands. None of the ideas about it has been proved. So scholars are still unsure.
Passage Reference: Researchers still cannot explain why the St. Lawrence Iroquoians left their lands between 1541 and 1603.
Tips: Two paragraphs name the St. Lawrence Iroquoians. Look for the one that talks about a question with no answer.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A talks about Indigenous groups who used a site in Newfoundland. It does not ask why any people left.
- B: You may think of Paragraph B, because it describes where the St. Lawrence Iroquoians lived. It does not say they left or why.
- C: Paragraph C describes the fur trade and its partners. The St. Lawrence Iroquoians do not appear there.
- E: Paragraph D opens with this unsolved question. Read its first sentence again.
Correct Answer: B
Passage Reference: In July 1534, Donnacona, the leader of the village of Stadacona, protested when Cartier raised a cross.
Why this is correct: Paragraph B names Donnacona, the leader of Stadacona. In July 1534 he protested when Cartier raised a cross. To protest is to object, so the statement fits.
Tips: Find the newcomer who put up a cross. Then check who objected, and what position that person held.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A is about the Norse base in Newfoundland. Nobody there puts up a cross or objects to one.
- C: Paragraph C describes trade and travel with Indigenous partners. No leader objects to anything there.
- D: Paragraph D gives the views of historians today. It does not describe a cross or a protest.
- E: Donnacona's protest against the cross is told in Paragraph B.
Correct Answer: A
Passage Reference: Archaeologists have found that five Indigenous groups used the site at different times before the Norse came, and one more after them.
Why this is correct: Look at Paragraph A. Archaeologists found that five Indigenous groups used the site before the Norse came. So Indigenous people were there first.
Tips: Look for the paragraph that has both the Norse and Indigenous groups.
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: Paragraph B describes the St. Lawrence Iroquoians along a river. It does not mention Newfoundland or the Norse.
- C: Paragraph C is about fur trading partners in the 1600s. It says nothing about the Norse site.
- D: Paragraph D talks about the fur trade and a people who left their lands. The Norse are not in it.
- E: The earlier Indigenous groups at the site are named in Paragraph A, in its second sentence.
Correct Answer: E
Passage Reference: Around the year 1000 CE, the Norse built eight buildings there, with walls and roofs of sod laid over a frame.
Why this is correct: Paragraph A says the Norse built eight buildings of sod. Paragraph B says the longhouses were large. Neither gives sizes, and the text never compares the two.
Tips: A comparison needs both sizes. Check whether the text gives either one.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A tells you how many buildings the Norse made and what they were made of. It gives no size.
- B: Paragraph B calls the longhouses large. It does not compare them with anything the Norse built.
- C: Paragraph C talks about canoes and snowshoes. It does not describe any buildings.
- D: Paragraph D is about how historians see the fur trade. Buildings are not mentioned.
Correct Answer: D
Passage Reference: The fur trade did not shape every meeting either, and the Niitsítapi (Blackfoot) refused to hunt beaver, which they saw as sacred.
Why this is correct: Paragraph D names the Niitsítapi, also called the Blackfoot. They refused to hunt beaver. They saw the beaver as sacred, which means holy.
Tips: Look for a people who would not trap the beaver. Check that their reason is about the animal being holy.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A lists furs as a resource the Norse wanted. It does not mention the Blackfoot.
- B: Paragraph B is about Cartier and the people of Stadacona. Beavers do not come up there.
- C: Be careful with Paragraph C. It mentions beaver furs, but those peoples helped collect them. Nobody refuses.
- E: The Blackfoot and their view of the beaver appear in Paragraph D.
Correct Answer: E
Passage Reference: From 1690 to 1692, Henry Kelsey travelled with the Cree and reached the Saskatchewan River.
Why this is correct: Paragraph C says Henry Kelsey travelled with the Cree from 1690 to 1692. It says he reached the Saskatchewan River. It never says why he went, so the reason cannot be checked.
Tips: The text says where Kelsey went. Ask yourself if it ever says why.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A gives a reason for the Norse base, which was to explore and collect resources. Kelsey is not in it.
- B: Paragraph B follows Cartier's voyages on the river. It does not mention Kelsey or the Pacific.
- C: Paragraph C names Kelsey and where he went. It does not give his purpose.
- D: Paragraph D is about historians and open questions. Kelsey is not named.
Correct Answer: C
Passage Reference: The French also copied Indigenous ways of travel, using the birchbark canoe in summer and snowshoes in winter.
Why this is correct: Look at Paragraph C. The French copied Indigenous ways of travel. It gives the birchbark canoe in summer and the snowshoe in winter. Those are the warm and cold seasons.
Tips: Ask which ways of travel the French copied. Check that they cover both the warm and the cold seasons.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A describes Norse sailors, not French explorers. It does not talk about seasons of travel.
- B: Paragraph B has the French spending a winter near Stadacona. It does not say they copied any way of travelling.
- D: Paragraph D says European traders needed First Nations' help. It does not mention canoes or snowshoes.
- E: The canoe and the snowshoe are both named in Paragraph C.
Correct Answer: A
Passage Reference: The site was not a colony but a base for exploring and for collecting resources wanted in Greenland, such as lumber and furs.
Why this is correct: Paragraph A says the site was a base for exploring and for collecting resources. It names lumber and furs. Lumber is timber, and furs are animal skins.
Tips: Work out what the Norse base was for. Is gathering timber and skins one of its purposes?
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: Paragraph B is about Cartier and the people of Stadacona. The Norse are not part of it.
- C: Paragraph C also talks about furs, but it means the French fur trade many centuries later.
- D: Paragraph D looks at how historians see the fur trade. It does not mention the Norse.
- E: What the Norse wanted from their base is told in Paragraph A.
Correct Answer: B
Passage Reference: On the second voyage the French spent the winter near Stadacona, and many suffered from scurvy until local people showed them a remedy made from evergreen trees.
Why this is correct: Paragraph B describes the second voyage. The French spent the winter near Stadacona, and many had scurvy. Local people showed them a remedy. A remedy helps a sick person get better.
Tips: Disease comes up in Paragraph D too. Check who was sick and who helped.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A describes a Norse base. It says nothing about sickness.
- C: Paragraph C mentions winter only for snowshoes. No one becomes sick there.
- D: Paragraph D mentions disease brought by Europeans, but as a possible reason a people left. It is not about sick French men.
- E: The illness and the remedy are both in Paragraph B.
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