Read the following passage.
A. Thomas Clement "Tommy" Douglas was born in Falkirk, Scotland, on October 20, 1904, to a religious, working-class family that encouraged him to debate politics and religion. As a young boy he followed his father to Winnipeg, Manitoba. During the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike he witnessed "Bloody Saturday," when mounted police fired into the crowd, and the experience strengthened his commitment to civil liberties. He trained as a Baptist preacher and became an ordained pastor in Weyburn, Saskatchewan. Over time he came to believe that political action was the best way to improve people's lives.
B. His record also includes ideas that he later turned away from. In 1933 he earned a master's degree in sociology from McMaster University with a thesis called "The Problems of the Subnormal Family," based on a study of 12 women and their families in Weyburn. The thesis proposed a medical certificate for couples who wanted to marry, separate classes and communities for people labelled "subnormal," and sterilization of "mental defectives and those incurably diseased." Such eugenic ideas had other supporters in Canada at the time. By the time he became premier in 1944, however, he had lost faith in them, and his government rejected two reviews that recommended sterilization, choosing therapy and job training instead.
C. Douglas helped found the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in 1933 and won a federal seat for the party in 1935. After two terms he moved to provincial politics, and in 1944 he became premier of Saskatchewan, leading the first CCF government in Canada. He went on to win five elections. In 1947 his government introduced a publicly funded hospital insurance plan open to everyone, the first of its kind. A later plan to pay for doctors' services worried many physicians, and a doctors' strike in 1962 delayed it. A compromise was reached, and both programs set a standard for other provinces.
D. In 1961 Douglas returned to federal politics as the first leader of the newly created New Democratic Party, a post he held until 1971. As a third party in Parliament, it used its influence on minority governments to push for national programs such as medicare and old age pensions. During the October Crisis of 1970, the government invoked the War Measures Act, which suspended civil liberties and gave the police greater powers of arrest. Most Canadians backed this hard line, and his opposition drew a storm of protest. Even so, he became the most vocal critic of the move, arguing, "The government, I submit, is using a sledgehammer to crack a peanut."
E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.
Decide which paragraph, A to D, has the information given in each statement below. Select E if the information is not given in any of the paragraphs.
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Correct Answer: E
Why this is correct: In paragraph C, a doctors' strike in 1962 held up the plan for doctors' services. Both sides later reached a compromise. The text never says how many days or weeks the strike lasted.
Passage Reference: A later plan to pay for doctors' services worried many physicians, and a doctors' strike in 1962 delayed it.
Tips: Two strikes appear in the passage. For the doctors' strike, search for a length of time and notice there is none.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: There is a strike in Winnipeg in paragraph A. But it was the general strike of 1919, not a walkout by doctors.
- B: The second paragraph looks at his 1933 thesis and how he later dropped its ideas. No strike or walkout comes up there.
- C: Paragraph C reports the 1962 doctors' strike and the compromise that followed. Yet it gives no length for the strike.
- D: In paragraph D, the text moves to his years as a federal party leader and the 1970 crisis. There is no dispute with doctors.
Correct Answer: C
Passage Reference: In 1947 his government introduced a publicly funded hospital insurance plan open to everyone, the first of its kind.
Why this is correct: Look at paragraph C: he became premier of Saskatchewan in 1944. His government introduced a publicly funded hospital insurance plan in 1947. Three years is a few years, so the statement matches.
Tips: Find the year he became premier and the year the hospital insurance began. Then check that the gap is only a few years.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: The first paragraph stops at his belief in political action, before he had won any office at all.
- B: The year he became premier is in paragraph B. But the only choice it reports is turning down sterilization reviews.
- D: In paragraph D, medicare is a national goal of the federal party. That is different from the provincial hospital plan of 1947.
- E: Paragraph C carries both dates, 1944 for becoming premier and 1947 for the hospital plan, so the statement is supported.
Correct Answer: B
Passage Reference: The thesis proposed a medical certificate for couples who wanted to marry, separate classes and communities for people labelled "subnormal," and sterilization of "mental defectives and those incurably diseased."
Why this is correct: Notice that paragraph B says his 1933 master's thesis proposed a medical certificate for couples who wanted to marry. A certificate that couples must get before marriage is a control on who can marry.
Tips: Find where his early academic research is described. Then check what it suggested about weddings.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: His family, the move to Winnipeg and his training as a preacher are in paragraph A, but not his university work.
- C: The third paragraph lists election wins and health plans. Marriage rules are not part of it.
- D: In paragraph D, the focus is the federal party and the 1970 crisis, with no word on his master's degree.
- E: Among the ideas in the thesis, paragraph B lists a medical certificate for couples wanting to marry.
Correct Answer: E
Passage Reference: As a young boy he followed his father to Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Why this is correct: Look at paragraph A: he was born in Scotland and, as a young boy, followed his father to Winnipeg. It says nothing about the cost of the journey or who covered it. No church group appears in the passage.
Tips: Paragraph A mentions the move to Winnipeg. Ask yourself whether it also says who paid for it.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A says only that he followed his father to Winnipeg as a young boy. It says nothing about who paid for the trip.
- B: The second paragraph deals with his thesis and his time as premier. His parents do not appear.
- C: In paragraph C, the writer follows his party career in Saskatchewan. There is nothing about the family's journey or its cost.
- D: His federal leadership and his stand in 1970 fill paragraph D. His father is never mentioned.
Correct Answer: D
Passage Reference: Even so, he became the most vocal critic of the move, arguing, "The government, I submit, is using a sledgehammer to crack a peanut."
Why this is correct: In paragraph D, the War Measures Act was invoked in the October Crisis of 1970. Most Canadians backed it and his opposition drew protest, yet he became its most vocal critic. That is speaking out despite public anger.
Tips: Link "emergency powers" to the War Measures Act and "public anger" to the storm of protest.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: The first paragraph shows him as a boy watching police fire into a crowd in 1919. He did not argue against any law at that time.
- B: In paragraph B, his government turns down reports about sterilization, which were not emergency powers.
- C: A strike by doctors in 1962 appears in paragraph C. That was a dispute over a health plan rather than a national crisis.
- E: His criticism of the War Measures Act, and the protest it caused, are both in paragraph D.
Correct Answer: E
Passage Reference: By the time he became premier in 1944, however, he had lost faith in them, and his government rejected two reviews that recommended sterilization, choosing therapy and job training instead.
Why this is correct: Look at paragraph B: by the time he became premier in 1944, he had lost faith in the ideas from his thesis. His government chose therapy and job training instead. The paragraph never explains what changed his mind, so the cause in this statement is not in the text.
Tips: Paragraph B says that he changed his mind. Check whether it also says why.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A covers his childhood, the strike he saw and his church work, all before he wrote his thesis.
- B: In paragraph B, we learn he gave up these ideas before 1944. But it gives no reason, and events outside Canada are not mentioned.
- C: The third paragraph follows his election wins and health plans in Saskatchewan. His old research does not come up.
- D: The fourth paragraph is about the federal party and the crisis of 1970, long after his change of mind.
Correct Answer: A
Passage Reference: During the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike he witnessed "Bloody Saturday," when mounted police fired into the crowd, and the experience strengthened his commitment to civil liberties.
Why this is correct: Look at paragraph A: in 1919, when he was about 14, he witnessed "Bloody Saturday" in Winnipeg. The experience strengthened his commitment to civil liberties. Civil liberties are individual freedoms.
Tips: Paragraph D also has civil liberties. Use his age at the time to pick the right paragraph.
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: In paragraph B, the thesis he wrote as an adult proposed limits on people rather than freedoms.
- C: The third paragraph follows his elections and health programs, not an event from his school years.
- D: He defends civil liberties in paragraph D, in 1970. But by then he was a party leader in his sixties.
- E: Bloody Saturday, which he saw in 1919, is the event paragraph A links to his commitment to civil liberties.
Correct Answer: C
Passage Reference: A later plan to pay for doctors' services worried many physicians, and a doctors' strike in 1962 delayed it.
Why this is correct: In paragraph C, a plan to pay for doctors' services worried many physicians, and a doctors' strike in 1962 delayed it. The strike is the resistance, and "delayed" means "held up."
Tips: Find where doctors themselves are unhappy about a new program. Then check what their action did to its start.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: You can see strikers in Winnipeg in paragraph A, but they were workers in 1919, not doctors.
- B: A medical certificate and therapy come up in paragraph B, but no group fights against a health plan there.
- D: In paragraph D, the federal party pushed for medicare. It does not show doctors slowing it down.
- E: The 1962 doctors' strike that delayed the plan for doctors' services is reported in paragraph C.
Correct Answer: B
Passage Reference: By the time he became premier in 1944, however, he had lost faith in them, and his government rejected two reviews that recommended sterilization, choosing therapy and job training instead.
Why this is correct: Notice that paragraph B says he had lost faith in eugenic ideas by 1944, when he became premier. His government rejected reviews that recommended sterilization and chose therapy and job training. His own thesis had proposed sterilization.
Tips: Find the idea he backed as a student and later gave up. Then check what he offered in its place once he was premier.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: The first paragraph ends with his belief in political action, years before he became premier.
- C: Paragraph C also covers his years as premier. But its programs are hospital insurance and doctors' services, not therapy or job training.
- D: In paragraph D, the story is federal politics after 1961 and the 1970 crisis, not his choices as premier.
- E: His switch to therapy and job training, and away from sterilization, is set out at the end of paragraph B.
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