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IELTS Practice Listening: Note/Summary Completion Diagram ID: #57398 Medium Doxey model
Instructions ›
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Complete the flow chart below.

Transcript:

You will hear a lecture about the social and cultural impacts of tourism, focusing on a model used to describe changes in local attitudes over time. Now listen carefully and answer the questions. In today's lecture, we'll begin with an overview of the impact of tourism on the societies and cultures of the host area. Then we'll look at some case studies. One model for the socio-cultural impact of tourism has been provided by ****. You'll find a reference in your reading list. He called his model the 'Iridex' (that's a contraction of Irritation Index) and it attempts to show how the attitudes of local people to tourists and tourism change over the years. **** identifies four stages. He calls the first stage 'euphoria happiness' because initially the tourists are regarded as a novelty, and because of this they're welcomed by everyone in the host area. But as well as that, there's another reason for the people in the host community to welcome tourists. Local people realise that tourism brings scope for economic benefits. As tourist development begins to increase, however, local interest in the visitors becomes sectionalised. That means that some sections of the local population become involved with tourists, while others don't, and it is increasingly the case that commercial rather than social factors are influencing relationships between tourists and the host community. People are less interested in the tourists for their own sake. **** calls this stage 'apathy'. If development continues to increase, apathy may change to annoyance. What's causing this? Well, development of the tourist area may start to spiral up out of control and this is often accompanied by congestion, which is going to make life difficult for local people. So the policymakers, the government, the local authorities and so on provide more infrastructure for the area more roads, more car parks and so on to try to help cope with the influx of tourists. But the lives of the local people are made increasingly difficult, and, in the final stage of the model, annoyance has turned to antagonism and open hostility to the tourists, and now all the detrimental changes to lifestyles in the host area are, fairly or unfairly, seen as due to the tourists. Well, this sort of pathway is certainly a fairly good reflection of what happens in some tourist destinations, but Doxy's model has drawn a number of criticisms. The most significant is that it suggests a very negative attitude to the socio-cultural effects of tourism. The fact that the model is unidirectional, that it only works in one direction, seems to suggest that decline in the host-visitor relationship is inevitable. Now, in practice, fortunately, things aren't always quite like that. If you look at real situations, you'll see that the relationships between local people and tourists are rather more complicated and prone to greater variation than this model suggests, so the model is really rather oversimplified. In fact, studies have highlighted quite a few positive effects of tourism. For example, Doxy's model doesn't look at the effects on the tourists themselves. They may well benefit from increased understanding of the host society and culture. Then, traditional crafts in the host area may be revitalised because tourism provides new markets, such as the souvenir trade, for example. So, instead of these traditional skills being lost, local people are encouraged to develop them. There may also be more long-lasting changes, which actually lead to the empowerment of both groups and individuals.
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Diagram
AI explanationShows the answer. Tap to open.

Question Focus: Reason why tourists are welcomed at the first stage of the Doxey model

Correct Answer: novelty

Why this is correct: At the first stage, the speaker explains why local people feel happy about tourists. You hear that tourists are welcomed because they are seen as something new and exciting, described clearly as a novelty.

Passage Reference: He calls the first stage 'euphoria happiness' because initially the tourists are regarded as a novelty, and because of this they're welcomed by everyone in the host area.

Common Mistake: Students often write new experience or happiness, but these words are not spoken in the recording. You MUST copy the exact word you hear. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'tourists are regarded as a novelty' = Diagram: 'reason tourists are welcomed'

Tips: Listen carefully when the speaker explains causes or reasons. These often fill diagram gaps.

Key Vocabulary:

  • novelty = something new and interesting

Question Focus: Another reason local people welcome tourists

Correct Answer: economic benefits

Passage Reference: But as well as that, there's another reason for the people in the host community to welcome tourists. Local people realise that tourism brings scope for economic benefits.

Why this is correct: After mentioning novelty, the speaker adds another clear reason. You hear that local people welcome tourists because tourism brings economic benefits.

Common Mistake: Some students write money or jobs, but these ideas are not said directly. You must copy the exact phrase from the speaker. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'scope for economic benefits' = Diagram: 'reason tourists are welcomed'

Tips: When the speaker says 'as well as that' or 'another reason', expect a new answer.

Key Vocabulary:

  • economic = related to money
  • benefits = advantages

Question Focus: Type of factors influencing relationships with tourists

Correct Answer: commercial

Passage Reference: it is increasingly the case that commercial rather than social factors are influencing relationships between tourists and the host community.

Why this is correct: At the apathy stage, the speaker explains that relationships change. You hear that commercial factors become more important than social ones.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write social, because it is mentioned, but the speaker contrasts it with the real answer. This is a distractor trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'commercial rather than social factors' = Diagram: 'type of factors influencing relationships'

Tips: Listen for contrast words like 'rather than'. The correct answer often comes after them.

Key Vocabulary:

  • commercial = related to business or money

Question Focus: Problem caused by uncontrolled tourist development

Correct Answer: congestion

Passage Reference: this is often accompanied by congestion, which is going to make life difficult for local people.

Why this is correct: When explaining why annoyance grows, the speaker clearly names one major problem. You hear that increased development is accompanied by congestion.

Common Mistake: Students may write traffic or crowds, but these are not the exact word used. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'accompanied by congestion' = Diagram: 'problem caused by development'

Tips: Problems are often listed one by one. Be ready to catch single key nouns.

Key Vocabulary:

  • congestion = overcrowding

Question Focus: What is negatively affected in the final stage

Correct Answer: lifestyle

Passage Reference: all the detrimental changes to lifestyles in the host area are, fairly or unfairly, seen as due to the tourists.

Why this is correct: In the final stage, the speaker explains what locals blame tourists for. You hear that negative changes to lifestyles are blamed on tourism.

Common Mistake: Some students write life or culture, but these are not the words used by the speaker. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'changes to lifestyles' = Diagram: 'what is negatively affected'

Tips: At the final stage of a model, listen for summary phrases that explain overall impact.

Key Vocabulary:

  • lifestyle = way of living

General Tips:

  • Diagram completion follows the order of the recording. Use the previous answer to know when the next one is coming.
  • Always copy the exact word or phrase you hear. Synonyms are usually wrong in FIB questions.
  • Watch contrast words like 'but', 'rather than', and 'however'. They often hide the correct answer.
  • Check the word limit carefully. Extra words make the answer wrong even if the idea is correct.
  • During pauses, read ahead on the diagram so you know what type of word you are listening for.

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