Passage Reference: At the opposite end of the scale, there are minority languages which are only spoken by a few people, and that's what this chart is illustrating.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write small languages because they hear that phrase later. That changes the wording and is not copied exactly from the speaker. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'minority languages' = Diagram: 'type of languages shown'

Tips: When a diagram label names a category, listen carefully for the exact term the speaker uses.

Key Vocabulary:

• minority = small group
• major = large or main

Question Focus: Understanding axis labels on a diagram

Correct Answer: number

Passage Reference: The number of languages is represented on the vertical axis

Why this is correct: The speaker explains the chart and says the number of languages is shown on the vertical axis. The diagram gap is pointing to that axis label.

Common Mistake: Some students write amount, but the speaker never uses that word. You must copy the exact word. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'the number of languages' = Diagram: 'axis label'

Tips: For charts and diagrams, listen for phrases like 'vertical axis' or 'horizontal axis'.

Key Vocabulary:

• axis = chart line
• number = how many

Question Focus: Identifying what the range refers to

Correct Answer: population

Passage Reference: For each of these smaller language groups, the population range of speakers goes from 1 to 999.

Why this is correct: The speaker explains that each group is defined by the population range of speakers. The diagram gap refers to what the numbers 1 to 999 describe.

Common Mistake: Students may write people, which fits the idea but is not the word used by the speaker. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'population range of speakers' = Diagram: 'range label'

Tips: When you hear numbers, listen for the noun that explains what those numbers refer to.

Key Vocabulary:

• population = number of people
• range = from one number to another

Question Focus: Understanding what the large number represents

Correct Answer: total

Passage Reference: the total number of languages that make up this group is an astounding 1,619.

Why this is correct: The speaker says there is a total number of 1,619 languages in this group. The diagram gap is summarising that idea.

Common Mistake: Some students write all, but the speaker does not use that word. This is a paraphrase trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'total number of languages' = Diagram: 'total'

Tips: Words like 'total', 'overall', or 'in total' often signal summary information in diagrams.

Key Vocabulary:

• total = whole amount
• astounding = very surprising

Question Focus: Identifying a percentage from the chart

Correct Answer: 36%

Passage Reference: The majority of nearly extinct languages come from the Pacific and the Americas, making up 74%, followed by Asia at 15%.

Why this is correct: The diagram shows the remaining percentage after 74% and 15% are accounted for. That leftover figure is 36%, which is shown visually in the chart.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes add the wrong numbers or write only 36 without the percent sign. This is a number trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'percentages of nearly extinct languages' = Diagram: 'percentage label'

Tips: When listening to percentages, keep track of all figures so you can identify the remaining one.

Key Vocabulary:

• percentage = part of 100
• majority = biggest part

Question Focus: Identifying the region with the smallest percentage

Correct Answer: europe

Passage Reference: Europe has the smallest percentage of languages that are nearly extinct, only 2%

Why this is correct: The speaker clearly states that Europe has the smallest percentage of nearly extinct languages, at only 2%. The diagram gap points to that region.

Common Mistake: Some students write Asia because it is mentioned just before, but that refers to a different percentage. This is a sequence trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'Europe has the smallest percentage' = Diagram: 'region label'

Tips: Listen carefully after words like 'followed by' or 'the smallest' because the speaker is comparing options.

Key Vocabulary:

• region = area of the world
• nearly extinct = almost gone

General Tips:

• Diagram questions follow the order of the recording, so use the previous answer to predict where the next one is coming.
• Always copy the exact word you hear. Do not replace it with a synonym.
• Pay special attention when the speaker explains a chart or diagram using axis labels.
• Percentages and numbers are common traps. Write them exactly as you hear them.
• Use signpost words like 'at the opposite end', 'in total', and 'followed by' to stay oriented while listening.