Passage Reference: So the first step is to identify the problem. What is it that you want to know or explain?

Common Mistake: Some students write question because the speaker talks about what you want to know. That changes the wording and meaning. This is a synonym trap because you must copy the exact word from the recording.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'identify the problem' = Diagram: 'first step'

Tips: Listen carefully at the beginning of a process. The first box usually uses the exact word the speaker introduces.

Key Vocabulary:

• identify = find
• problem = issue

Question Focus: Synonym match - diagram step matches the action done to the data

Correct Answer: analyze

Passage Reference: You analyze the data from the experiment in order to confirm or disprove your hypothesis.

Why this is correct: After carrying out the experiment, the speaker explains what happens next. You hear analyze the data, which matches the step shown in the diagram.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write study or check. These are similar in meaning but not the exact word used. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'analyze the data' = Diagram: 'look at results'

Tips: Both American and British spelling are usually accepted. Choose one you are confident to spell.

Key Vocabulary:

• analyze = examine
• data = information

Question Focus: Context shift - describing the data quality after analysis

Correct Answer: unreliable

Passage Reference: If there's anything unusual about the data, or if the results are at all surprising, then you need to ask yourself whether the experiment could be flawed and whether the data could be unreliable.

Why this is correct: The speaker explains what to check after analyzing results. One possibility mentioned is that the data could be unreliable, which fits this decision box in the diagram.

Common Mistake: Some students choose accurate because it sounds scientific. But the speaker is talking about problems with the data. This is a paraphrase trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'data could be unreliable' = Diagram: 'problem with results'

Tips: When the speaker lists several adjectives, listen for the one that best matches the diagram meaning.

Key Vocabulary:

• unreliable = not trustworthy
• data = results

Question Focus: Sequence trap - action taken if data is unreliable

Correct Answer: modify

Passage Reference: then it may be necessary to modify the experiment and go through the process again.

Why this is correct: If the data is not reliable, the speaker explains the next action. You hear modify the experiment, which matches the step shown before repeating the process.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write repeat because the speaker says go through the process again. That happens after modification. This is a sequence trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'modify the experiment' = Diagram: 'change experiment'

Tips: Listen for cause and effect words like if and then. They show the correct order of steps.

Key Vocabulary:

• modify = change
• experiment = test

Question Focus: Synonym match - final step of sharing results

Correct Answer: communicate

Passage Reference: Then the final step is to communicate them. The wider scientific community needs to know about the results, and publication in journals is the accepted way.

Why this is correct: At the end of the process, the speaker clearly names the final step. You hear communicate them, meaning share the results with others.

Common Mistake: Some students write publish because journals are mentioned. Publishing is an example, not the step name. This is a partial truth trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'communicate them' = Diagram: 'tell others results'

Tips: When examples are given, do not confuse them with the main step name.

Key Vocabulary:

• communicate = share
• publication = printing

General Tips:

• Flow charts follow the order of the recording. Use the previous box to predict what comes next.
• For diagram FIB, always copy the exact word you hear. Do not replace it with a synonym.
• Watch for signpost phrases like first step, then, and final step. They guide you through the process.
• If the speaker corrects or adds detail, wait for the complete idea before writing.
• Check spelling carefully. A correctly chosen word with wrong spelling loses marks.