You are in free guest mode.
Timed Practice
Revision List
Attempt History
Progress Tracking
Create a free account to unlock these tools
LanguageCert Practice Reading: Part 1A: Word Replace
ID: #60250
Easy
Research Funding and Animal Behaviour
Instructions
Read the sentences below and decide which option (A, B, C or D) can best replace the word in bold so that the meaning of the sentence remains the same.
1
Initially, most Americans experienced air conditioning only in places such as theatres or department stores, where it was seen as an interesting novelty.
2
Today’s lecture about bird migration has been postponed until next Thursday, but some notes will be available online.
3
The news that the funding for wave research may be cut constitutes a real problem for Professor Andres and her team.
4
As soon as a fight erupts, all the members of a gorilla group turn to the alpha male to see how he is going to handle it.
5
In Professor Hyde’s opinion, Nitsch’s assertion about the likely date of the fossils is open to considerable doubt.
6
The publishers of the science journal were so impressed by Deverux’s account of the team’s findings that they published extracts from it in consecutive editions.
Result:
Explanation
{<br> "questions": [<br> {<br> "question": 1,<br> "correct_answer": "C",<br> "why_correct": "<b>Novelty</b> means something new and unusual that people have not seen before; <b>innovation</b> carries the same meaning of a fresh new thing, so either word fits here.",<br> "incorrect_options": {<br> "A": "<b>reform</b> means a change made to improve something that already exists, not a brand new thing.",<br> "B": "<b>introduction</b> means the act of bringing something in, or the first part of a text, not the new thing itself.",<br> "D": "<b>advance</b> means a step forward or progress, which is broader than one new and interesting item."<br> },<br> "key_vocabulary": [<br> "novelty = innovation = something new",<br> "air conditioning = machine that cools the air"<br> ],<br> "tips": "Memory trick: a 'novel' idea is a new one, so a 'novelty' is an 'innovation' - both are fresh and new."<br> },<br> {<br> "question": 2,<br> "correct_answer": "D",<br> "why_correct": "Both <b>postponed</b> and <b>put off</b> describe moving an event to a later time - pick either and the sentence reads the same.",<br> "incorrect_options": {<br> "A": "<b>sent back</b> means returned to where it came from, not delayed to a later date.",<br> "B": "<b>written off</b> means decided something is a failure or a total loss, not simply delayed.",<br> "C": "<b>taken back</b> means returned, or to withdraw something you said, which does not mean to delay."<br> },<br> "key_vocabulary": [<br> "postponed = put off = delayed to later",<br> "lecture = a talk that teaches"<br> ],<br> "tips": "Memory trick: to 'postpone' the match is to 'put it off' - you push it to a later day."<br> },<br> {<br> "question": 3,<br> "correct_answer": "B",<br> "why_correct": "In this sentence, <b>constitutes</b> means 'amounts to' or 'is', and <b>represents</b> means exactly that here - the cut is a real problem.",<br> "incorrect_options": {<br> "A": "<b>engages</b> means to involve, attract, or take part in, not to be or amount to something.",<br> "C": "<b>appoints</b> means to give someone a job or post, which has nothing to do with being a problem.",<br> "D": "<b>expresses</b> means to show feelings or put ideas into words, not to make up or be a problem."<br> },<br> "key_vocabulary": [<br> "constitutes = represents = is or amounts to",<br> "funding = money provided"<br> ],<br> "tips": "Memory trick: if a cut 'constitutes' a problem, it 'represents' a problem - it simply is one."<br> },<br> {<br> "question": 4,<br> "correct_answer": "D",<br> "why_correct": "When the sentence says a fight <b>erupts</b>, it means it suddenly bursts into life, and <b>breaks out</b> is another way to say that.",<br> "incorrect_options": {<br> "A": "<b>breaks away</b> means to separate or leave a group, not to suddenly start.",<br> "B": "<b>breaks off</b> means to stop suddenly or snap apart, which is the opposite of a fight beginning.",<br> "C": "<b>breaks up</b> means to end a relationship or split into pieces, not to start a fight."<br> },<br> "key_vocabulary": [<br> "erupts = breaks out = suddenly starts",<br> "alpha male = the leader"<br> ],<br> "tips": "Memory trick: a volcano 'erupts' and a fight 'breaks out' - both burst out all of a sudden."<br> },<br> {<br> "question": 5,<br> "correct_answer": "C",<br> "why_correct": "<b>Assertion</b> and <b>claim</b> both mean a strong statement that something is true - they are interchangeable here.",<br> "incorrect_options": {<br> "A": "<b>allegation</b> is close, but it means a claim that someone did something wrong, like an accusation, which does not fit a point about fossils.",<br> "B": "<b>notion</b> means a vague idea or belief, which is softer than a firm statement of fact.",<br> "D": "<b>application</b> means a formal request, or putting something to use, not a statement that something is true."<br> },<br> "key_vocabulary": [<br> "assertion = claim = a firm statement",<br> "open to doubt = can be questioned"<br> ],<br> "tips": "Memory trick: to 'assert' is to 'claim' - both firmly state that what you say is true."<br> },<br> {<br> "question": 6,<br> "correct_answer": "D",<br> "why_correct": "The sentence uses <b>consecutive</b> to mean one after another in order, and <b>successive</b> has the same meaning - following in a row.",<br> "incorrect_options": {<br> "A": "<b>continuous</b> is close, but it means non-stop with no break, while consecutive means separate items placed in a row.",<br> "B": "<b>respective</b> means belonging to each one separately, which does not mean coming one after another.",<br> "C": "<b>repetitive</b> means repeating the same thing over and over, not simply following in order."<br> },<br> "key_vocabulary": [<br> "consecutive = successive = one after another",<br> "editions = printed versions"<br> ],<br> "tips": "Memory trick: 'consecutive' and 'successive' both mean back to back, like Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday."<br> }<br> ]<br>}
AI explanationShows the answer. Tap to open.
Correct Answer: C
Why this is correct: Novelty means something new and unusual that people have not seen before; innovation carries the same meaning of a fresh new thing, so either word fits here.
Tips: Memory trick: a 'novel' idea is a new one, so a 'novelty' is an 'innovation' - both are fresh and new.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: reform means a change made to improve something that already exists, not a brand new thing.
- D: introduction means the act of bringing something in, or the first part of a text, not the new thing itself.
- B: advance means a step forward or progress, which is broader than one new and interesting item.
Key Vocabulary:
- novelty = innovation = something new
- air conditioning = machine that cools the air
Correct Answer: D
Why this is correct: Both postponed and put off describe moving an event to a later time - pick either and the sentence reads the same.
Tips: Memory trick: to 'postpone' the match is to 'put it off' - you push it to a later day.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: sent back means returned to where it came from, not delayed to a later date.
- C: written off means decided something is a failure or a total loss, not simply delayed.
- B: taken back means returned, or to withdraw something you said, which does not mean to delay.
Key Vocabulary:
- postponed = put off = delayed to later
- lecture = a talk that teaches
Correct Answer: A
Why this is correct: In this sentence, constitutes means 'amounts to' or 'is', and represents means exactly that here - the cut is a real problem.
Tips: Memory trick: if a cut 'constitutes' a problem, it 'represents' a problem - it simply is one.
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: engages means to involve, attract, or take part in, not to be or amount to something.
- C: appoints means to give someone a job or post, which has nothing to do with being a problem.
- D: expresses means to show feelings or put ideas into words, not to make up or be a problem.
Key Vocabulary:
- constitutes = represents = is or amounts to
- funding = money provided
Correct Answer: A
Why this is correct: When the sentence says a fight erupts, it means it suddenly bursts into life, and breaks out is another way to say that.
Tips: Memory trick: a volcano 'erupts' and a fight 'breaks out' - both burst out all of a sudden.
Why the other options are wrong:
- D: breaks away means to separate or leave a group, not to suddenly start.
- C: breaks off means to stop suddenly or snap apart, which is the opposite of a fight beginning.
- B: breaks up means to end a relationship or split into pieces, not to start a fight.
Key Vocabulary:
- erupts = breaks out = suddenly starts
- alpha male = the leader
Correct Answer: A
Why this is correct: Assertion and claim both mean a strong statement that something is true - they are interchangeable here.
Tips: Memory trick: to 'assert' is to 'claim' - both firmly state that what you say is true.
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: allegation is close, but it means a claim that someone did something wrong, like an accusation, which does not fit a point about fossils.
- C: notion means a vague idea or belief, which is softer than a firm statement of fact.
- D: application means a formal request, or putting something to use, not a statement that something is true.
Key Vocabulary:
- assertion = claim = a firm statement
- open to doubt = can be questioned
Correct Answer: B
Why this is correct: The sentence uses consecutive to mean one after another in order, and successive has the same meaning - following in a row.
Tips: Memory trick: 'consecutive' and 'successive' both mean back to back, like Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday.
Why the other options are wrong:
- C: continuous is close, but it means non-stop with no break, while consecutive means separate items placed in a row.
- D: respective means belonging to each one separately, which does not mean coming one after another.
- A: repetitive means repeating the same thing over and over, not simply following in order.
Key Vocabulary:
- consecutive = successive = one after another
- editions = printed versions
The rest of this explanation is for members. Sign in free to read why the other options are wrong, key words and tips.
Sign in to read the full explanation
With a free account:
Retry and compare every attempt.
Saving...