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Correct Answer: B
Why this is correct: witnessed means 'saw or lived through an event'. 'We witnessed an explosion in plastic use' means we saw this big change happen during the century.
Tips: Memory trick: a witness sees something big happen with their own eyes. We witnessed the rise of plastic.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: noted means 'noticed and wrote down a small detail'. It is too weak for a huge, sweeping change like an explosion in use.
- C: attended means 'went to an event' like a meeting. This is a Thematic Trap - it sounds like being present, but it means physically going somewhere, which does not fit.
Key Vocabulary:
- witness = see = live through
- note = notice a small detail
Correct Answer: A
Why this is correct: transformed means 'completely changed'. Plastic changed how we live in a huge way, so 'transformed the way we live' captures that big shift.
Tips: Memory trick: think of a caterpillar transforming into a butterfly - a total change. That is 'transform'.
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: rearranged means 'put in a different order'. That is a small tidy-up, not a total change, so it is too weak here.
- C: converted means 'changed one thing into another' and usually takes 'into'. This is a Structural Trap - 'converted the way we live' is missing that pattern.
Key Vocabulary:
- transform = change completely
- convert something into something else
Correct Answer: A
Why this is correct: emerge means 'come out' or 'start to appear'. 'Problems began to emerge' means the problems slowly became visible over time.
Tips: Memory trick: picture a diver emerging from the water into view. Problems emerge when they surface into sight.
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: rise means 'go up in amount'. Problems can rise in number, but 'emerge' is the natural word for problems first appearing.
- C: proceed means 'move forward or continue'. 'Problems began to proceed' does not make sense, so the meaning does not fit.
Key Vocabulary:
- emerge = come out = appear
- proceed = go forward = continue
Correct Answer: C
Why this is correct: break down means 'fall apart into small pieces'. The sentence talks about materials falling apart, so 'break down into small pieces' fits perfectly.
Tips: Memory trick: when something breaks DOWN into bits, it crumbles. Plastic is slow to break down.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: cut down means 'reduce' or 'chop a tree'. This is a Thematic Trap - it needs a person doing the cutting and does not mean falling apart by itself.
- B: come down means 'fall' or 'a price drops'. It does not mean breaking into pieces, so the meaning is wrong.
Key Vocabulary:
- break down = fall apart = decompose
- cut down = reduce or chop
Correct Answer: C
Why this is correct: allow is correct because 'allow for' is a set phrase meaning 'make possible'. 'Recycling technologies allow for the reuse of plastic' means they make reuse possible.
Tips: Memory trick: watch the 'for' after the gap. 'Allow for' is the phrase - 'permit for' does not exist.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: permit is close in meaning, but it does not pair with 'for' - you permit something, not 'permit for'. This is a Structural Trap set by the word 'for'.
- B: accept means 'agree to receive'. 'Accept for the reuse' is wrong in both meaning and grammar.
Key Vocabulary:
- allow for = make possible = leave room for
- permit = give permission (no 'for')
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