Meaning: "biological" means about the living body.

Wrong options:

• biolgical: It leaves out the "o". The right spelling is "biological". Every letter must be correct to get the mark.
• biologic: "biologic" is missing the ending. The speaker says "biological", with "al" at the end.

Correct answer: existence

Explanation: Here you hear "beginning of the existence of". The word means the state of being present.

Meaning: "existence" means the state of being or being present.

Wrong options:

• existance: It has "a" where the word has "e". The right spelling is "existence". Every letter must be correct to get the mark.
• essence: This is a different idea, not the meaning of being present.

Correct answer: described

Explanation: The speaker says "As I described last time". This already happened, so the word ends in ed.

Meaning: "described" means talked about before.

Wrong options:

• desribed: It leaves out the "c". Write "described". Only the exact spelling gets the mark.
• describing: "describing" is a close word, but it ends in "ing". The speaker says "described", which ends in "ed".

Correct answer: cognitive

Explanation: You hear "understand the cognitive, emotional". You need a describing word, it ends in ive.

Meaning: "cognitive" means about thinking and mental processes.

Wrong options:

• cogntive: It leaves out the "i". Check the letters: "cognitive". A small spelling mistake loses the mark.

Correct answer: underlie

Explanation: Listen for "processes that underlie human". Follows "processes", so you need an action word with no s at the end.

Meaning: "underlie" means to be the base or cause of something.

Wrong options:

• underlies: "underlies" has an extra "s" at the end. The speaker says "underlie", with no "s".

Correct answer: physical

Explanation: On the recording you hear "the brain is the physical basis". A describing word is needed and it ends in al.

Meaning: "physical" means about the body or material things.

Wrong options:

• phisical: It has "i" where the word has "y". Check the letters: "physical". A small spelling mistake loses the mark.
• physique: "physique" is a close word, but it ends in "que". The speaker says "physical", which ends in "cal".

Correct answer: treatise

Explanation: Listen again to "began his famous treatise on". You need a word for a long written work.

Meaning: "treatise" means a long detailed written study on a subject.

Wrong options:

• treateise: It adds an extra "e". Write "treatise". Only the exact spelling gets the mark.
• treaty: "treaty" is a close word, but it ends in "y". The speaker says "treatise", which ends in "ise".