Meaning: "abrupt" means sudden.

Wrong options:

• aburpt: Two letters are in the wrong order. Write "abrupt". Only the exact spelling gets the mark.
• abruptly: "abruptly" has an extra "ly" at the end. The speaker says "abrupt".

Correct answer: radically

Explanation: You hear "could radically cool Europe's climate". You need a word that tells how, so it ends in ly.

Meaning: "radically" means in a very big or extreme way.

Wrong options:

• radicaly: It leaves out the "l". The right spelling is "radically". Every letter must be correct to get the mark.
• radical: "radical" is missing the ending. The speaker says "radically", with "ly" at the end.

Correct answer: circulation

Explanation: Listen for "the overturning circulation, bring warm". It comes after "the overturning", so you need a word for a thing.

Meaning: "circulation" means the movement of water in the ocean.

Wrong options:

• circulaton: It leaves out the "i". Check the letters: "circulation". A small spelling mistake loses the mark.
• circulate: "circulate" is a close word, but it ends in "e". The speaker says "circulation", which ends in "ion".

Correct answer: oceanographer

Explanation: On the recording you hear "an oceanographer at Duke University". It comes after "an", so you need a word for a person.

Meaning: "oceanographer" means a person who studies the ocean.

Wrong options:

• oceanograher: It leaves out the "p". Check the letters: "oceanographer". A small spelling mistake loses the mark.
• oceanic: "oceanic" is a close word, but it ends in "ic". The speaker says "oceanographer", which ends in "ographer".