Meaning: "crumbly" means easily broken into small pieces.

Wrong options:

• crumby: It leaves out the "l". The right spelling is "crumbly". Every letter must be correct to get the mark.
• crumble: "crumble" is a close word, but it ends in "e". The speaker says "crumbly", which ends in "y".

Correct answer: inadequate

Explanation: On the recording you hear "it contains inadequate amounts of carbon". You need a describing word that shows not enough, so it ends in ate.

Meaning: "inadequate" means not enough for a need or purpose.

Wrong options:

• inadquate: It leaves out the "e". Check the letters: "inadequate". A small spelling mistake loses the mark.

Correct answer: breed

Explanation: Listen again to "grow crops or breed animals on that terrain". After "or" the sentence needs an action word for producing young animals.

Meaning: "breed" means to produce young animals or to keep animals for this reason.

Wrong options:

• breedn: It adds an extra "n". Write "breed". Only the exact spelling gets the mark.

Correct answer: devoid

Explanation: Here you hear "so devoid of organic matter that". After "so" you need a word for having none, short and strong.

Meaning: "devoid" means completely without something, here organic matter.

Correct answer: pioneer

Explanation: The speaker says "there he met a pioneer in the study". You need a word for an early leader in a field.

Meaning: "pioneer" means an early person who starts work in a new area.

Correct answer: increasingly

Explanation: You hear "This is now looking increasingly likely". You need a word that tells how much, so it ends in ly.

Meaning: "increasingly" means more and more over time.

Wrong options:

• increasingy: It leaves out the "l". The right spelling is "increasingly". Every letter must be correct to get the mark.
• increase: "increase" is a close word, but it ends in "e". The speaker says "increasingly", which ends in "ingly".