Meaning: "defined" means given a clear meaning here.

Wrong options:

• definded: It adds an extra "d". Write "defined". Only the exact spelling gets the mark.
• define: "define" is missing the ending. The speaker says "defined", with "d" at the end.

Correct answer: strategies

Explanation: The speaker says "and strategies that". You need a word for plans or methods, more than one, so it ends in ies.

Meaning: "strategies" means plans or methods used to reach a goal.

Wrong options:

• strategys: It has "y" where the word has "ie". Check the letters: "strategies". A small spelling mistake loses the mark.
• strategy: "strategy" is a close word, but it ends in "y". The speaker says "strategies", which ends in "ies".

Correct answer: effective

Explanation: You hear "mount effective challenges". It comes before "challenges", so you need a describing word.

Meaning: "effective" means successful or likely to work well.

Wrong options:

• effctive: It leaves out the "e". The right spelling is "effective". Every letter must be correct to get the mark.
• effect: "effect" is missing the ending. The speaker says "effective", with "ive" at the end.

Correct answer: informal

Explanation: Listen for "sometimes informal, groupings". After "sometimes" you need a describing word that starts with in.

Meaning: "informal" means not official or not following strict rules.

Wrong options:

• infromal: Two letters are in the wrong order. The right spelling is "informal". Every letter must be correct to get the mark.
• formal: This has the opposite meaning to the needed word.

Correct answer: specific

Explanation: On the recording you hear "focus on specific political". It comes before "political", so you need a describing word for the issues.

Meaning: "specific" means particular or certain in this place.

Wrong options:

• specfic: It leaves out the "i". The right spelling is "specific". Every letter must be correct to get the mark.