Meaning: "involves" means includes or needs.

Wrong options:

• invovles: Two letters are in the wrong order. The right spelling is "involves". Every letter must be correct to get the mark.
• involve: "involve" has no "s" at the end. The speaker says "involves", so write the "s".

Correct answer: layers

Explanation: Listen for "aligning the cambium layers of the". It comes after "the", so you need more than one.

Meaning: "layers" means thin levels or sheets of tissue.

Wrong options:

• layres: Two letters are in the wrong order. Check the letters: "layers". A small spelling mistake loses the mark.
• layer: "layer" has no "s" at the end. The speaker says "layers", so write the "s".

Correct answer: resistance

Explanation: On the recording you hear "such as disease resistance or". The word ends in ance.

Meaning: "resistance" means the plant's ability to fight disease.

Wrong options:

• resistence: It has "e" where the word has "a". Write "resistance". Only the exact spelling gets the mark.
• resistant: "resistant" is a close word, but it ends in "t". The speaker says "resistance", which ends in "ce".

Correct answer: ornamental

Explanation: Listen again to "Whether used in fruit trees, ornamental plants". It needs a word for decorative plants.

Meaning: "ornamental" means used for decoration or beauty.

Wrong options:

• ornemental: It has "e" where the word has "a". Write "ornamental". Only the exact spelling gets the mark.
• ornament: "ornament" is missing the ending. The speaker says "ornamental", with "al" at the end.

Correct answer: pivotal

Explanation: Here you hear "grafting plays a pivotal role in". You need a describing word that ends in al.

Meaning: "pivotal" means very important or central.

Wrong options:

• pivital: It has "i" where the word has "o". Check the letters: "pivotal". A small spelling mistake loses the mark.