Meaning: 'Whereby' means 'by which' or 'through which,' indicating the method or process involved in the division of estates among heirs.

Wrong options:

• whose: 'Whose' is a possessive pronoun that indicates ownership, which does not fit the context of explaining how estates are divided.
• what: 'What' is an interrogative pronoun that does not logically connect to the clause about inheritance laws, making it grammatically incorrect here.
• which: 'Which' is a relative pronoun but does not convey the procedural aspect of the division as effectively as 'whereby' does.

Correct answer: left

Explanation: The verb 'left' is in the past tense and correctly indicates the result of the inheritance laws, fitting grammatically and contextually as it describes the outcome of the division of estates in France.

Meaning: 'Left' means to cause something to remain in a certain state, in this case, resulting in France being divided into many tiny farms.

Wrong options:

• urge: 'Urge' is a verb that means to strongly encourage or persuade, which does not fit the context of describing the outcome of inheritance laws.
• cause: 'Cause' is a verb that implies bringing about an effect, but it does not fit the past tense structure needed in this context.
• created: 'Created' suggests the act of bringing something into existence, which does not accurately describe the result of the division of estates.

Correct answer: even

Explanation: The word 'even' serves to emphasize the surprising nature of the comparison being made, fitting grammatically and contextually as it highlights that the large estates were small compared to others.

Meaning: 'Even' is used to indicate that something is surprising or unexpected, in this case, that large estates in France were still small compared to those in other European nations.

Wrong options:

• never: 'Never' indicates a negative condition that does not fit the context of comparison being made in the sentence.
• so: 'So' is a conjunction that implies a consequence, which does not logically connect to the comparative statement being made.
• because: 'Because' introduces a reason, which does not align with the comparative nature of the statement regarding estate sizes.

Correct answer: of

Explanation: The preposition 'of' correctly indicates possession or association, fitting grammatically and contextually as it describes the region associated with large-scale farming.

Meaning: 'Of' indicates belonging or relating to something, in this case, referring to the region where large-scale farming occurs.

Wrong options:

• apart: 'Apart' suggests separation, which does not fit the context of describing a region associated with farming.
• with: 'With' implies accompaniment, which does not accurately convey the relationship between the region and large-scale farming.
• for: 'For' indicates purpose or benefit, which does not align with the possessive nature required in this context.