The models were estimated using historical time series data from 1973 to 1998. The data were obtained from several such as the World Tourism Organization, Australian Bureau of Statistics, World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The results suggest that the estimated elasticity parameters are consistent with standard economic theory. The number of short-term resident departures is positively influenced by per capita real household disposable income; and the price of domestic travel and accommodation, and influenced by the price of travel and accommodation overseas.
The estimated demand models were used to develop the Tourism Forecasting Council’s long run forecasts. The forecasts suggest that the number of short-term resident departures will increase strongly over the next ten years, largely due to the strength of the Australian economy, competitive trove prices, and Australians’ interest in different cultures and lifestyles.
Result:
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Correct answer: analyses
Explanation: The word 'analyses' is the correct form of the verb that fits grammatically in the present tense, aligning with the subject 'This paper' and indicating an action being performed by the paper. It also contextually fits as the paper is discussing the examination of outbound travel demand.
Meaning: 'Analyses' means to examine something in detail in order to understand it better or draw conclusions from it.
Wrong options:
- encouraged: 'Encouraged' is a past tense verb that implies giving support or confidence, which does not fit the context of the paper's action.
- increases: 'Increases' is a present tense verb but does not logically fit as it suggests a rise rather than an examination of data.
- decreases: 'Decreases' is also a present tense verb but implies a reduction, which is not relevant to the action of examining travel demand.
Correct answer: variables
Explanation: The term 'variables' is a plural noun that correctly refers to the independent factors in the models, fitting grammatically and contextually as it aligns with the preceding phrase about the models being specified in terms of certain factors.
Meaning: 'Variables' refers to elements that can change or vary, particularly in a mathematical or statistical context, indicating the factors affecting the model.
Wrong options:
- varies: 'Varies' is a verb that does not fit grammatically as it cannot serve as a noun in this context.
- variety: 'Variety' is a singular noun that implies a range of different things, which does not match the plural context needed here.
- variability: 'Variability' is a noun that refers to the quality of being variable, but it does not fit the context of listing specific factors.
Correct answer: sources
Explanation: The word 'sources' is a plural noun that appropriately identifies the various origins of the data, fitting grammatically and contextually as it aligns with the mention of multiple organizations providing data.
Meaning: 'Sources' refers to places or people from which information or data is obtained.
Wrong options:
- websites: 'Websites' is a plural noun that implies specific online locations, which is too narrow and does not encompass all types of data origins mentioned.
- resources: 'Resources' is a broader term that can refer to various types of materials but does not specifically denote the origin of data as 'sources' does.
- journals: 'Journals' refers specifically to publications and does not capture the broader range of data origins indicated in the text.
Correct answer: negatively
Explanation: The adverb 'negatively' fits grammatically and contextually as it describes the influence on the number of departures, indicating a decrease in response to price increases, which aligns with economic principles.
Meaning: 'Negatively' means in a way that is harmful or unfavorable, indicating that higher prices lead to fewer departures.
Wrong options:
- positively: 'Positively' suggests a favorable influence, which contradicts the context of the relationship being described.
- hardly: 'Hardly' implies a minimal effect, which does not accurately reflect the significant influence described in the text.
- barely: 'Barely' indicates a very slight effect, which is not appropriate in the context of discussing economic influences.
Correct answer: experiencing
Explanation: The word 'experiencing' is the correct gerund form that fits grammatically and contextually, indicating an ongoing action that Australians are engaging in regarding different cultures and lifestyles.
Meaning: 'Experiencing' means to encounter or undergo something, particularly in the context of engaging with new cultures.
Wrong options:
- experimenting: 'Experimenting' implies trying out new things in a more scientific or trial-based context, which does not fit the idea of engaging with cultures.
- exploring: 'Exploring' suggests searching or investigating, which is close but does not convey the same sense of personal engagement as 'experiencing.'
- employed: 'Employed' refers to being in a job, which is unrelated to the context of travel and cultural engagement.
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