Meaning: 'Lie' means to be situated or located in a particular place, which in this case refers to the geographical position of New Zealand islands east of Australia.

Wrong options:

• place: The word 'place' is a noun and does not fit grammatically as a verb in this context.
• set: The verb 'set' implies an action of placing something down, which does not accurately describe the static position of the islands.
• settle: The verb 'settle' suggests establishing a residence or community, which is not appropriate for describing the location of the islands.

Correct answer: discovered

Explanation: The verb 'discovered' is the correct choice as it indicates the act of finding something for the first time, which aligns with the historical context of Europeans encountering New Zealand. It fits grammatically in the past tense, matching the narrative of the sentence.

Meaning: 'Discovered' means to find something that was previously unknown, which in this context refers to the Europeans finding New Zealand islands.

Wrong options:

• detected: The word 'detected' implies finding something that is hidden or not easily seen, which does not fit the context of discovering land.
• revealed: The verb 'revealed' suggests making something known that was already present, which does not accurately describe the initial encounter with New Zealand.
• recognized: The verb 'recognized' implies acknowledging something familiar, which is not suitable for the first encounter with the islands.

Correct answer: notable

Explanation: The adjective 'notable' is appropriate here as it describes the civilization's art and military strength as worthy of attention or remarkable. It fits grammatically and contextually, emphasizing the significance of the Maoris' achievements.

Meaning: 'Notable' means worthy of attention or remarkable, indicating that the civilization had impressive qualities in art and military.

Wrong options:

• unusual: The word 'unusual' suggests something that is not common, which does not accurately reflect the positive attributes of the civilization.
• outstanding: While 'outstanding' is a positive term, it implies superiority rather than simply being worthy of note, which is more accurately captured by 'notable.'
• evident: The word 'evident' means clear or obvious, which does not convey the same sense of recognition or significance as 'notable.'

Correct answer: system

Explanation: The noun 'system' is the correct choice as it refers to an organized method or structure, which fits well with the context of military strength. It is grammatically correct and aligns with the idea of a cohesive military organization.

Meaning: 'System' refers to a set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole, in this case, the military organization of the Maoris.

Wrong options:

• method: The word 'method' implies a way of doing something, which does not capture the broader organizational aspect of military strength.
• practice: The noun 'practice' refers to the actual application of a method, which is too narrow in scope compared to 'system.'
• practices: The plural 'practices' suggests multiple actions or habits, which does not fit the singular concept of a cohesive military organization.

Correct answer: estimated

Explanation: The verb 'estimated' is the correct choice as it indicates an approximation of the population size, fitting grammatically in the past tense and contextually in the narrative of Captain Cook's observations.

Meaning: 'Estimated' means to make an approximate calculation or judgment about a quantity, in this case, the population of New Zealand.

Wrong options:

• calculated: The word 'calculated' implies a precise mathematical determination, which does not fit the context of making an approximation.
• evaluated: The verb 'evaluated' suggests a detailed assessment, which is not appropriate for simply estimating population size.
• reckoned: The word 'reckoned' is more informal and implies a belief or opinion rather than a careful estimation, making it less suitable in this context.