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Correct answer: Nor
Explanation: The word 'Nor' is used to introduce a negative statement that continues from a previous negative clause, fitting grammatically and contextually as it aligns with the preceding assertion that there is no doubt about Freud's influence.
Meaning: 'Nor' is used to indicate that something is also not the case, often following a negative statement, emphasizing the absence of doubt.
Wrong options:
- Nevertheless: 'Nevertheless' suggests a contrast or concession, which does not fit the context of negating doubt.
- Otherwise: 'Otherwise' implies an alternative situation, which does not align with the context of confirming the absence of doubt.
- Yet: 'Yet' indicates a contrast or unexpected outcome, which does not suit the context of reinforcing the certainty of Freud's influence.
Correct answer: by which
Explanation: The phrase 'by which' correctly introduces a clause that explains the means or method, fitting grammatically and contextually as it refers to how Freud achieved his status.
Meaning: 'By which' refers to the method or means through which something is accomplished, indicating the process of Freud's rise to prominence.
Wrong options:
- by whom: 'By whom' refers to the agent performing an action, which does not fit the context of discussing the means of Freud's rise.
- to which: 'To which' suggests direction or relation, which does not apply to the context of explaining how Freud became influential.
- to whom: 'To whom' indicates a recipient, which is irrelevant in the context of discussing the means of achieving status.
Correct answer: of
Explanation: The preposition 'of' indicates possession or association, fitting grammatically and contextually as it describes Freud's lack of endorsement from an institution or profession.
Meaning: 'Of' denotes belonging or association, indicating that Freud did not have the support from any institution or profession.
Wrong options:
- with: 'With' implies accompaniment or association, which does not accurately convey the lack of endorsement in this context.
- in: 'In' suggests inclusion or location, which does not fit the context of discussing endorsement or support.
- on: 'On' indicates a surface or topic, which is not appropriate for expressing the relationship of endorsement.
Correct answer: fluctuating
Explanation: The word 'fluctuating' serves as an adjective describing the population, fitting grammatically and contextually as it indicates variability in the size of the population.
Meaning: 'Fluctuating' means changing or varying, suggesting that the population size is not stable.
Wrong options:
- fluctuation: 'Fluctuation' is a noun and does not fit grammatically as it cannot describe the population directly.
- fluctuated: 'Fluctuated' is a past tense verb, which does not fit the context of describing the current state of the population.
- fluctuate: 'Fluctuate' is an infinitive verb form, which does not grammatically fit as an adjective to describe the population.
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