Meaning: 'Procedures' refers to established methods or steps taken in a medical context, particularly in surgeries or treatments.

Wrong options:

• processes: While 'processes' is a noun that could fit, it is more general and does not specifically imply the structured methods used in medical contexts as 'procedures' does.
• portions: 'Portions' refers to parts or segments, which does not align with the context of medical methods or actions required for organ transplants.
• predictions: 'Predictions' implies forecasting or estimating future events, which is not relevant to the context of medical actions or methods.

Correct answer: run

Explanation: The verb 'run' is appropriate here as it conveys the idea of experiencing or being subject to risk, fitting grammatically and contextually with the sentence structure.

Meaning: 'Run' in this context means to experience or be exposed to something, such as a risk.

Wrong options:

• weigh: 'Weigh' typically refers to measuring weight or considering options, which does not fit the context of experiencing risk.
• involve: 'Involve' suggests participation or inclusion, but does not convey the idea of experiencing risk as effectively as 'run' does.
• pose: 'Pose' implies presenting or creating a risk, but does not fit the grammatical structure as well as 'run' in this context.

Correct answer: Since

Explanation: The word 'Since' is used here to indicate a causal relationship, showing that the necessity of the donor organ leads to the need for additional measures, fitting grammatically and contextually.

Meaning: 'Since' means 'because' or 'as,' indicating a reason for the subsequent action or statement.

Wrong options:

• Despite: 'Despite' indicates contrast, which does not fit the causal relationship needed in this context.
• Although: 'Although' introduces a concession, which is not appropriate here as the sentence requires a reason rather than a contrast.
• Whether: 'Whether' is used to introduce alternatives or conditions, which does not align with the causal context of the sentence.

Correct answer: result

Explanation: The verb 'result' fits grammatically as it indicates an outcome or effect, aligning well with the context of achieving less rigorous therapies through the use of bioinks.

Meaning: 'Result' means to cause something to happen or to lead to a particular outcome.

Wrong options:

• reject: 'Reject' means to refuse or dismiss, which does not fit the context of producing a positive outcome in medical therapies.
• limit: 'Limit' implies restricting or reducing, which contradicts the intended meaning of achieving better therapies.
• retain: 'Retain' means to keep or hold on to, which does not convey the idea of producing an outcome as effectively as 'result' does.

Correct answer: showed

Explanation: The verb 'showed' is the correct past tense form that fits grammatically and contextually, indicating that research demonstrated findings in the past.

Meaning: 'Showed' means to demonstrate or reveal something, particularly in the context of research findings.

Wrong options:

• shown: 'Shown' is the past participle form and does not fit the grammatical structure of the sentence, which requires a simple past verb.
• was shown: 'Was shown' is passive voice, which is unnecessary here as the active voice 'showed' is more direct and appropriate for the context.
• showing: 'Showing' is a gerund form that does not fit the grammatical structure needed in this context.