Meaning: 'Psychology' is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, focusing on how individuals think, feel, and interact with one another, especially in challenging situations.

Wrong options:

• biology: 'Biology' refers to the study of living organisms and does not relate to human emotions or connections in the context provided.
• nature: 'Nature' generally refers to the physical world and its phenomena, which does not specifically address the emotional or psychological aspects of human relationships during hardship.
• hate: 'Hate' is a strong negative emotion and does not fit the positive context of compassion and connection described in the passage.

Correct answer: brotherhood

Explanation: The word 'brotherhood' is appropriate as it signifies a close relationship and solidarity among individuals, which is the essence of the shared aim of the academicians. It fits grammatically as a noun that conveys the sense of unity and collective purpose.

Meaning: 'Brotherhood' refers to the bond and solidarity among people, often implying a sense of kinship and mutual support, especially in a common cause.

Wrong options:

• community: 'Community' refers to a group of people living in the same area or having a particular characteristic in common, but it lacks the emotional depth of connection implied by 'brotherhood'.
• society: 'Society' denotes a broader group of individuals and does not capture the intimate connection and shared purpose that 'brotherhood' conveys in this context.
• obedience: 'Obedience' implies compliance with authority and does not relate to the theme of unity and shared goals among the individuals mentioned.

Correct answer: war

Explanation: The word 'war' is the most fitting choice as it directly relates to the common enemy that the academicians are fighting against. It is grammatically correct as a noun that completes the idea of their struggle and the context of the passage.

Meaning: 'War' refers to a state of armed conflict between different countries or different groups within a country, which is the central issue the academicians are addressing.

Wrong options:

• peace: 'Peace' is the absence of conflict and does not fit the context of what they are fighting against; it contradicts the notion of struggle presented in the passage.
• difficulty: 'Difficulty' is a general term for challenges but does not specifically denote the type of struggle they are uniting against, which is war.
• misery: 'Misery' refers to a state of suffering or unhappiness, which is not the direct focus of their collective action as described in the passage.

Correct answer: undergone

Explanation: The word 'undergone' is suitable as it indicates that the individuals have experienced something significant together, which aligns with the context of shared pain. It is grammatically correct as the past participle form that fits with the auxiliary verb 'had'.

Meaning: 'Undergone' means to have experienced or endured something, often something challenging or transformative, which is relevant to the context of shared suffering.

Wrong options:

• found: 'Found' implies discovering something, which does not convey the sense of experiencing pain together as effectively as 'undergone'.
• clung: 'Clung' suggests holding onto something tightly, which does not fit the context of experiencing pain together; it implies a different kind of action.
• invented: 'Invented' means to create something new, which is unrelated to the shared experience of pain described in the passage.

Correct answer: dream

Explanation: The word 'dream' fits perfectly as it represents an ideal vision or aspiration for a perfect society, aligning with the overall theme of hope and unity. It is grammatically correct as a noun that encapsulates the collective desire of the individuals.

Meaning: 'Dream' refers to a cherished aspiration, ambition, or ideal, particularly in the context of creating a better future for society.

Wrong options:

• project: 'Project' typically refers to a planned undertaking or task, which does not capture the idealistic and emotional connotation of 'dream'.
• scheme: 'Scheme' often implies a systematic plan, sometimes with negative connotations, which does not align with the hopeful vision of a perfect society.
• system: 'System' refers to a set of connected things or parts, which lacks the emotional and aspirational quality that 'dream' conveys in this context.