Meaning: 'Carries' means to hold or transport something from one place to another, in this context referring to how DNA holds genetic information.

Wrong options:

• targets: Targets implies aiming at something, which does not fit the context of DNA's function in relation to genetic information.
• claims: Claims suggests asserting something as a fact, which does not accurately describe the role of DNA in genetics.
• invents: Invents indicates creating something new, which is not relevant to the established function of DNA.

Correct answer: fully

Explanation: The word 'fully' is an adverb that indicates completeness, fitting grammatically and contextually as it describes the extent of recognition of Franklin's contributions. The sentence implies that her contributions were not recognized in their entirety, making 'fully' the correct choice.

Meaning: 'Fully' means completely or entirely, indicating that Franklin's contributions were not acknowledged to the extent they deserved.

Wrong options:

• solely: Solely means only or exclusively, which does not convey the intended meaning of partial recognition.
• eagerly: Eagerly suggests enthusiasm or willingness, which is irrelevant to the context of recognition.
• additionally: Additionally implies something extra or in addition, which does not fit the context of how her contributions were recognized.

Correct answer: then

Explanation: The word 'then' is an adverb that indicates a specific time in the past, fitting grammatically and contextually as it refers to the time when Franklin had passed away. It logically connects to the preceding context about the Nobel Prize and her death.

Meaning: 'Then' refers to a specific time in the past, indicating when Franklin had died, which is crucial for understanding the context of the Nobel Prize award.

Wrong options:

• there: There indicates a place, which does not fit the temporal context of the sentence.
• that: That is a demonstrative pronoun, which does not convey the timing needed in this context.
• soon: Soon suggests a near future, which contradicts the past context of her passing.

Correct answer: pioneering

Explanation: The word 'pioneering' is an adjective that describes groundbreaking or innovative work, fitting grammatically and contextually as it highlights the significance of Franklin's contributions to science. It aligns with the overall tone of the passage, which emphasizes her critical role.

Meaning: 'Pioneering' means being the first to develop or apply new ideas or methods, indicating Franklin's innovative contributions to science.

Wrong options:

• derivative: Derivative suggests something that is based on or derived from something else, which does not accurately describe Franklin's original contributions.
• augmented: Augmented means increased or made greater, which does not capture the essence of her groundbreaking work.
• mandatory: Mandatory means required or obligatory, which does not fit the context of describing her contributions.