Meaning: In this context, 'affected' means those individuals who are experiencing the consequences of young-onset dementia.

Wrong options:

• effective: The term 'effective' refers to something that produces a desired result, which does not fit the context of individuals experiencing dementia.
• affective: 'Affective' relates to emotions or feelings, which is not relevant to describing individuals impacted by a medical condition.
• effected: 'Effected' means to bring about or cause something to happen, which does not apply to individuals suffering from dementia.

Correct answer: factors

Explanation: The word 'factors' is appropriate as it refers to elements that contribute to the risk of developing YOD, fitting grammatically as a plural noun that aligns with the context of discussing risk elements.

Meaning: 'Factors' means elements or conditions that can influence the likelihood of developing a condition, in this case, young-onset dementia.

Wrong options:

• locks: 'Locks' refers to mechanisms for securing something and does not relate to risk elements in a medical context.
• standards: 'Standards' implies a level of quality or attainment, which does not fit the context of risk elements for dementia.
• roles: 'Roles' suggests functions or positions, which is not relevant when discussing risk factors.

Correct answer: adopting

Explanation: The word 'adopting' is the correct choice as it indicates the action of taking on healthy habits, fitting grammatically as a gerund that serves as the subject of the clause and aligns contextually with the discussion of prevention strategies.

Meaning: 'Adopting' means to take up or start to use something, in this case, healthy habits that can help mitigate risks associated with YOD.

Wrong options:

• dominating: 'Dominating' implies having control over something, which does not fit the context of taking on healthy habits.
• leading: 'Leading' suggests guiding or directing, which is not appropriate in the context of personal health habits.
• varying: 'Varying' means changing or differing, which does not convey the action of consistently taking on healthy habits.

Correct answer: outcomes

Explanation: The word 'outcomes' is suitable as it refers to the results or consequences of actions taken regarding health, fitting grammatically as a plural noun that aligns with the context of improving results for individuals and families affected by YOD.

Meaning: 'Outcomes' means the results or effects of actions, particularly in terms of health and quality of life for those impacted by YOD.

Wrong options:

• categories: 'Categories' refers to groups or classes, which does not fit the context of discussing results or consequences of health interventions.
• repercussions: 'Repercussions' implies negative consequences, which does not align with the positive focus on improving health outcomes.
• findings: 'Findings' refers to results from research or investigation, which does not fit the context of discussing health outcomes.