Meaning: 'Dominance' refers to the state of being the most powerful or influential, particularly in a specific context, such as a school of thought in psychology.

Wrong options:

• temptation: 'Temptation' refers to the desire to do something, often something wrong or unwise, which does not fit the context of a school of thought rising in influence.
• challenge: 'Challenge' implies a difficulty or obstacle, which contradicts the idea of behaviorism achieving a prominent status.
• temper: 'Temper' refers to a state of mind or mood, which does not convey the idea of a school of thought gaining power or influence.

Correct answer: strove

Explanation: The verb 'strove' is the past tense of 'strive,' meaning to make great efforts to achieve or obtain something. It fits grammatically and contextually, as it indicates the active effort of behaviorism to transform psychology into a more scientific discipline.

Meaning: 'Strove' means to exert oneself vigorously to achieve a goal, in this case, making psychology more scientific by focusing on observable behavior.

Wrong options:

• reproached: 'Reproached' means to express disapproval or disappointment, which does not align with the positive effort implied in the sentence.
• reproved: 'Reproved' also means to criticize or correct, which is contrary to the constructive aim of behaviorism.
• rewove: 'Rewove' suggests creating something anew from existing elements, which does not accurately reflect the intention of striving for a scientific approach.

Correct answer: acclimatization

Explanation: The term 'acclimatization' refers to the process of becoming accustomed to a new environment or situation. It fits grammatically as a noun and contextually as it describes the learning process that connects an environmental stimulus with a natural stimulus, which is a key concept in behaviorism.

Meaning: 'Acclimatization' means the adjustment of an organism to changes in its environment, which in this context relates to how behaviorism explains learning through stimulus association.

Wrong options:

• association: 'Association' is a broader term that could fit but does not specifically convey the process of adjustment implied in the context of Pavlov's work.
• union: 'Union' refers to the act of joining or being joined, which does not capture the specific process of adjustment to stimuli.
• combination: 'Combination' implies a merging of elements but lacks the nuance of adaptation or adjustment that 'acclimatization' provides.

Correct answer: outlining

Explanation: The word 'outlining' is a gerund that indicates the act of summarizing or presenting the main points of a subject. It fits grammatically and contextually, as Watson is described as presenting the fundamental principles of behaviorism in his paper.

Meaning: 'Outlining' means to give a brief summary or overview of the main points, which is what Watson did regarding the principles of behaviorism.

Wrong options:

• questioning: 'Questioning' implies doubt or inquiry, which does not fit the context of presenting or summarizing principles.
• foreshortening: 'Foreshortening' refers to a technique in art or a reduction in length, which is unrelated to the act of summarizing ideas.
• unburdening: 'Unburdening' means to relieve oneself of a burden, which does not apply to the context of outlining principles.