Meaning: 'Passive' means not taking an active role or being inactive, which is the opposite of what is being described about reading in this context.

Wrong options:

• positive: 'Positive' refers to something good or affirmative, which does not relate to the active versus passive distinction in this context.
• objective: 'Objective' means unbiased or impartial, which does not fit the contrast being made between active and passive reading.
• proactive: 'Proactive' implies taking initiative, which is not the opposite of 'active' and does not fit the context of describing reading.

Correct answer: specific

Explanation: The word 'specific' fits grammatically and contextually, as it describes the type of context in which reading occurs. It indicates that reading is influenced by particular circumstances or details, which is essential to understanding the text.

Meaning: 'Specific' means clearly defined or identified, indicating that reading happens within a particular context that shapes our understanding.

Wrong options:

• explicit: 'Explicit' means clearly stated, which does not convey the idea of a particular context as effectively as 'specific.'
• implicit: 'Implicit' refers to something implied rather than stated, which does not align with the idea of a defined context for reading.
• general: 'General' suggests a broad or vague context, which contradicts the idea of reading occurring within a specific framework.

Correct answer: approach

Explanation: The word 'approach' fits grammatically and contextually, as it describes the manner in which we engage with a text. It indicates a method or strategy that is influenced by our purpose in reading.

Meaning: 'Approach' means the way we deal with or consider something, in this case, how we read a text based on our intentions.

Wrong options:

• close: 'Close' implies finishing or shutting something, which does not relate to how we engage with a text in this context.
• preempt: 'Preempt' means to take action in order to prevent something, which does not fit the context of reading strategies.
• nettle: 'Nettle' means to irritate or annoy, which is unrelated to the concept of engaging with a text.

Correct answer: determine

Explanation: The word 'determine' fits grammatically and contextually, as it indicates that our purpose and background knowledge influence the strategies we choose for reading. It shows a cause-and-effect relationship in the sentence.

Meaning: 'Determine' means to decide or influence something, indicating that our reading strategies are shaped by our prior knowledge and intentions.

Wrong options:

• conclude: 'Conclude' means to arrive at a decision or opinion, which does not fit the context of influencing strategies for reading.
• undermined: 'Undermined' means to weaken or damage, which does not align with the idea of shaping or influencing strategies positively.
• detect: 'Detect' means to discover or identify, which does not convey the idea of influencing or shaping strategies in the context of reading.