Architects have got in on the act, too. After the Great Fire of London, Christopher Wren drew up plans for a of the whole city, including precise street widths. And in the 20th century there was Le Corbusier's Radiant City in which, if you weren't in a car or didn't have one, life would have been a nightmare.
Also in the 20th century; another famous architect, Frank Lloyd Wright, dreamed up a perfect city that got no further than the drawing-board. Wright believed that what was wrong with modern cities was, in his words, rent. Ideas, land, even money itself, had to be paid for. He saw this as a form of slavery and believed that modern city dwellers had no sense of themselves as productive individuals. Thus, Wright's city was to be made up of numerous individual homesteads, and the houses themselves were to be simple, functional and in with the environment. Everyone would own enough land to grow food for himself and his family. No outsiders would be allowed to come between the citizen and what he produced, or to both for money. Goods and services would all be exchanged, not bought and sold for profit.
Result:
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Correct answer: envisioned
Explanation: The word 'envisioned' fits grammatically as the past participle form aligns with the present perfect tense used in the sentence. It conveys the idea of imagining or conceptualizing future societies, which is contextually appropriate given the discussion of Utopias.
Meaning: 'Envisioned' means to imagine or visualize something that is not yet real, particularly in a hopeful or idealistic way.
Wrong options:
- seen: 'Seen' implies merely observing something that exists, which does not capture the creative aspect of imagining Utopias.
- dreamt: 'Dreamt' suggests a more passive form of imagining, often associated with sleep, and lacks the proactive connotation of envisioning.
- idealised: 'Idealised' means to regard something as perfect, but it does not convey the act of creating a vision or concept, which is central to the context.
Correct answer: essentials
Explanation: The term 'essentials' is appropriate as it refers to the fundamental needs required for life, fitting grammatically and contextually within the sentence structure.
Meaning: 'Essentials' refers to the basic necessities or fundamental requirements for living, such as food, water, and shelter.
Wrong options:
- needs: 'Needs' is a broader term that could imply various requirements, but it lacks the specificity of 'essentials' in this context.
- wants: 'Wants' refers to desires that are not necessary for survival, making it unsuitable as it contradicts the idea of basic life requirements.
- ingredients: 'Ingredients' typically refers to components of a recipe or mixture, which does not align with the context of life necessities.
Correct answer: reconstruction
Explanation: The word 'reconstruction' fits grammatically as it refers to the process of rebuilding or restoring something, which is the intended meaning in the context of city planning after the Great Fire.
Meaning: 'Reconstruction' means the act of rebuilding or restoring something that has been damaged or destroyed.
Wrong options:
- redecoration: 'Redecoration' implies changing the appearance of something without structural changes, which does not fit the context of rebuilding a city.
- rearrangement: 'Rearrangement' suggests changing the order or position of things, which is not applicable to the comprehensive rebuilding of a city.
- recomposition: 'Recomposition' refers to changing the composition or structure of something, but it lacks the clarity of 'reconstruction' in the context of city planning.
Correct answer: harmony
Explanation: The word 'harmony' fits well as it conveys a sense of balance and compatibility with the environment, aligning with the overall theme of creating a perfect city.
Meaning: 'Harmony' means a pleasing arrangement or compatibility, particularly in relation to living in balance with nature.
Wrong options:
- contact: 'Contact' refers to physical interaction, which does not convey the intended meaning of coexistence with the environment.
- peace: 'Peace' implies the absence of conflict, which, while related, does not specifically address the relationship with the environment as 'harmony' does.
- community: 'Community' refers to a group of people living together, but it does not capture the essence of balance with the environment.
Correct answer: exploit
Explanation: The word 'exploit' fits grammatically and contextually as it conveys the idea of taking advantage of someone or something, particularly in a negative sense, which aligns with the sentence's meaning.
Meaning: 'Exploit' means to take unfair advantage of someone or something, often for personal gain.
Wrong options:
- usurp: 'Usurp' means to take a position of power or importance illegally or by force, which does not fit the context of economic transactions.
- rob: 'Rob' implies taking property unlawfully from a person or place, which is too direct and does not encompass the broader economic exploitation intended here.
- corrupt: 'Corrupt' refers to moral degradation or dishonesty, which does not specifically address the act of taking advantage of resources or individuals.
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