Meaning: 'Effective' means producing a desired result or outcome, indicating that word of mouth successfully recruits candidates.

Wrong options:

• affected: 'Affected' suggests being influenced or changed, which does not convey the intended meaning of success in recruitment.
• forcible: 'Forcible' implies something done with force, which is not relevant in the context of recruitment tools that rely on persuasion rather than coercion.
• coherent: 'Coherent' means logical and consistent, which does not relate to the effectiveness of a recruitment tool.

Correct answer: effort

Explanation: The word 'effort' fits grammatically as a noun that complements the phrase 'without any special.' It indicates that candidates and school systems can spread the word naturally, without needing to exert additional energy, which aligns with the context of the sentence.

Meaning: 'Effort' refers to the exertion of physical or mental energy, indicating that no extra work is required to spread the word.

Wrong options:

• logic: 'Logic' refers to reasoning, which does not fit the context of spreading the word without additional work.
• validity: 'Validity' pertains to the soundness or accuracy of something, which is irrelevant in this context of recruitment.
• force: 'Force' implies strength or power, which does not align with the idea of spreading the word effortlessly.

Correct answer: especially

Explanation: The word 'especially' serves as an adverb that emphasizes the effectiveness of advertising approaches for newer programs. It fits grammatically and contextually, highlighting that these methods are particularly fruitful compared to others.

Meaning: 'Especially' means particularly or notably, indicating that the advertising approaches are especially beneficial for newer programs.

Wrong options:

• conclusive: 'Conclusive' means serving to prove a case, which does not fit the context of describing the effectiveness of advertising methods.
• credibly: 'Credibly' suggests being believable, which does not appropriately modify the context of the sentence regarding advertising effectiveness.
• irresistibly: 'Irresistibly' implies something that cannot be resisted, which does not accurately describe the nature of advertising effectiveness.

Correct answer: boon

Explanation: The word 'boon' fits grammatically as a noun that describes something beneficial. It aligns with the context of news coverage being advantageous for alternative programs, indicating that it has a positive impact on recruitment.

Meaning: 'Boon' refers to a benefit or advantage, suggesting that news coverage has positively influenced alternative programs.

Wrong options:

• gain: 'Gain' is a noun that implies an increase or advantage but lacks the specific connotation of a beneficial occurrence that 'boon' provides.
• luxury: 'Luxury' refers to a state of great comfort or elegance, which does not fit the context of news coverage being beneficial.
• windfall: 'Windfall' implies an unexpected gain, which does not accurately capture the consistent benefit of news coverage for alternative programs.