Meaning: 'Lie' means to be situated or located in a particular place.

Wrong options:

• discovered: 'Discovered' is a past participle that implies an action of finding something, which does not fit the context of describing the location of the islands.
• counted: 'Counted' is a past participle that refers to the act of determining the number of something, which is irrelevant to the geographical context here.
• notable: 'Notable' is an adjective that describes something worthy of attention, which does not fit as a verb for indicating location.
• estimated: 'Estimated' is a past participle that refers to making an approximation, which does not relate to the position of the islands.
• found: 'Found' is a past participle that indicates the act of discovering something, which does not apply to the context of location.
• army: 'Army' is a noun that refers to a military force, which is unrelated to the context of geographical positioning.
• system: 'System' is a noun that refers to a set of connected things, which does not fit the grammatical structure needed for this blank.

Correct answer: discovered

Explanation: The word 'discovered' is the past participle of the verb 'discover,' which fits grammatically as it indicates an action that occurred before the present time. The context of the sentence discusses the historical event of Europeans finding the islands, making 'discovered' the appropriate choice.

Meaning: 'Discovered' means to find or uncover something that was previously unknown.

Wrong options:

• counted: 'Counted' is a past participle that refers to determining the number of something, which does not fit the context of finding the islands.
• notable: 'Notable' is an adjective that describes something worthy of attention, which does not fit as a verb in this context.
• lie: 'Lie' is a verb that indicates location, which does not apply to the action of finding or uncovering the islands.
• estimated: 'Estimated' is a past participle that refers to making an approximation, which does not relate to the act of discovering.
• found: 'Found' is a past participle that indicates the act of discovering something, but it is not the correct form needed in this context.
• army: 'Army' is a noun that refers to a military force, which is unrelated to the context of discovery.
• system: 'System' is a noun that refers to a set of connected things, which does not fit the grammatical structure needed for this blank.

Correct answer: notable

Explanation: The word 'notable' is an adjective that describes the civilization established by the Maoris. It fits grammatically as it modifies the noun 'civilization' and provides context about its significance, specifically regarding its art and military strength.

Meaning: 'Notable' means worthy of attention or remarkable.

Wrong options:

• discovered: 'Discovered' is a past participle that refers to the act of finding something, which does not fit as a descriptor for civilization.
• lie: 'Lie' is a verb that indicates location, which does not apply to describing the characteristics of a civilization.
• estimated: 'Estimated' is a past participle that refers to making an approximation, which does not fit as an adjective in this context.
• found: 'Found' is a past participle that indicates the act of discovering something, which does not serve as a descriptor for civilization.
• army: 'Army' is a noun that refers to a military force, which does not fit as a descriptive term for civilization.
• system: 'System' is a noun that refers to a set of connected things, which does not fit grammatically as an adjective.

Correct answer: system

Explanation: The word 'system' is a noun that refers to an organized structure or arrangement, in this case, the military organization of the Maoris. It fits grammatically as it complements the phrase 'military' to describe the type of organization they had.

Meaning: 'System' refers to a set of connected things or a method of organization.

Wrong options:

• discovered: 'Discovered' is a past participle that refers to the act of finding something, which does not fit as a noun describing military organization.
• lie: 'Lie' is a verb that indicates location, which does not apply to the context of military structure.
• estimated: 'Estimated' is a past participle that refers to making an approximation, which does not fit as a noun in this context.
• found: 'Found' is a past participle that indicates the act of discovering something, which does not serve as a noun for military organization.
• army: 'Army' is a noun that refers to a military force, but it does not fit grammatically as it does not describe the structure of the military organization.
• notable: 'Notable' is an adjective that describes something worthy of attention, which does not fit as a noun.

Correct answer: estimated

Explanation: The word 'estimated' is the past participle of the verb 'estimate,' which fits grammatically as it describes Captain Cook's action of approximating the population. The context indicates that this was a historical assessment made by Cook during his visit.

Meaning: 'Estimated' means to make an approximate calculation or judgment about something.

Wrong options:

• discovered: 'Discovered' is a past participle that refers to the act of finding something, which does not fit the context of making an approximation about population.
• lie: 'Lie' is a verb that indicates location, which does not apply to the action of estimating a population.
• counted: 'Counted' is a past participle that refers to determining the number of something, which does not fit as it implies a precise action rather than an estimation.
• found: 'Found' is a past participle that indicates the act of discovering something, which does not relate to the context of estimating.
• notable: 'Notable' is an adjective that describes something worthy of attention, which does not fit as a verb in this context.
• army: 'Army' is a noun that refers to a military force, which is unrelated to the action of estimating a population.
• system: 'System' is a noun that refers to a set of connected things, which does not fit the grammatical structure needed for this blank.