Meaning: Individual refers to a single human being as distinct from a group.

Wrong options:

• straight: 'Straight' is an adjective that describes direction or alignment, which does not relate to the context of personal characteristics.
• society: 'Society' is a noun that refers to a community or group of people, which does not fit as it does not describe a personal trait.
• smaller: 'Smaller' is an adjective that describes size, which is irrelevant in the context of personal characteristics.
• greater: 'Greater' is an adjective that indicates a larger amount or degree, which does not apply to the context of individuality.
• advanced: 'Advanced' is an adjective that describes a higher level of development, which does not fit the context of personal traits.
• excess: 'Excess' is a noun that refers to an amount that is more than necessary, which does not relate to the concept of individuality.
• element: 'Element' is a noun that refers to a part or aspect of something, which does not fit as it does not describe a personal characteristic.

Correct answer: society

Explanation: The term 'society' fits grammatically as a noun that refers to a structured community of people. In this context, it contrasts with the individual, emphasizing how primitive man is shaped by societal influences rather than personal choices.

Meaning: Society refers to a group of individuals living together in a more or less ordered community.

Wrong options:

• straight: 'Straight' is an adjective that does not relate to the concept of a community or group.
• individual: 'Individual' is a noun that refers to a single person, which does not fit as it does not describe a collective influence.
• smaller: 'Smaller' is an adjective that describes size, which does not apply to the context of a community.
• greater: 'Greater' is an adjective that indicates a larger amount or degree, which does not fit the context of a community.
• advanced: 'Advanced' is an adjective that describes a higher level of development, which does not relate to the concept of a community.
• excess: 'Excess' is a noun that refers to an amount that is more than necessary, which does not fit the context of a community.
• element: 'Element' is a noun that refers to a part or aspect of something, which does not fit as it does not describe a community.

Correct answer: element

Explanation: The word 'element' fits grammatically as a noun that refers to a fundamental or essential part of something. In this context, it indicates that there is a basic truth in the statement about primitive and civilised man.

Meaning: Element refers to a fundamental or essential part of a larger whole.

Wrong options:

• straight: 'Straight' is an adjective that does not relate to the concept of truth or fundamental aspects.
• individual: 'Individual' is a noun that refers to a single person, which does not fit as it does not describe a part of a statement.
• society: 'Society' is a noun that refers to a community, which does not fit as it does not describe a part of the truth being discussed.
• smaller: 'Smaller' is an adjective that describes size, which does not apply to the context of truth or elements of a statement.
• greater: 'Greater' is an adjective that indicates a larger amount or degree, which does not fit the context of a fundamental truth.
• excess: 'Excess' is a noun that refers to an amount that is more than necessary, which does not fit the context of truth.
• advanced: 'Advanced' is an adjective that describes a higher level of development, which does not relate to the concept of a fundamental truth.

Correct answer: smaller

Explanation: The word 'smaller' fits grammatically as an adjective that describes a lesser degree of diversity. In this context, it emphasizes the limited variety of skills and occupations in simpler societies compared to more complex ones.

Meaning: Smaller refers to a lesser size or amount, in this case, indicating reduced diversity.

Wrong options:

• straight: 'Straight' is an adjective that describes direction or alignment, which does not relate to the context of diversity.
• individual: 'Individual' is a noun that refers to a single person, which does not fit as it does not describe a degree of diversity.
• society: 'Society' is a noun that refers to a community, which does not fit as it does not describe a degree of diversity.
• greater: 'Greater' is an adjective that indicates a larger amount or degree, which contradicts the context of reduced diversity.
• advanced: 'Advanced' is an adjective that describes a higher level of development, which does not fit the context of diversity.
• excess: 'Excess' is a noun that refers to an amount that is more than necessary, which does not apply to the context of diversity.
• element: 'Element' is a noun that refers to a part or aspect of something, which does not fit as it does not describe a degree of diversity.

Correct answer: advanced

Explanation: The word 'advanced' fits grammatically as an adjective that describes societies with a higher level of complexity and development. In this context, it contrasts with simpler societies, highlighting the evolution of societal structures.

Meaning: Advanced refers to a higher level of development or complexity.

Wrong options:

• straight: 'Straight' is an adjective that describes direction or alignment, which does not relate to the context of societal complexity.
• individual: 'Individual' is a noun that refers to a single person, which does not fit as it does not describe a type of society.
• society: 'Society' is a noun that refers to a community, which does not fit as it does not describe a level of development.
• smaller: 'Smaller' is an adjective that describes size, which does not apply to the context of societal complexity.
• greater: 'Greater' is an adjective that indicates a larger amount or degree, which does not fit the context of advanced societies.
• excess: 'Excess' is a noun that refers to an amount that is more than necessary, which does not fit the context of societal development.
• element: 'Element' is a noun that refers to a part or aspect of something, which does not fit as it does not describe a level of societal complexity.