Meaning: 'Requires' means to need something for a particular purpose, in this case, capital and funding.

Wrong options:

• gained: The verb 'gained' is in the past tense, which does not fit the present context of the sentence regarding ongoing requirements.
• revised: The verb 'revised' implies making changes to something, which does not relate to the need for capital and funding.
• utility: The noun 'utility' does not fit grammatically as it does not serve as a verb in this context.
• adequate: The adjective 'adequate' does not fit as it does not convey the action of needing something.
• challenged: The verb 'challenged' does not fit here as it does not relate to the need for capital and funding.

Correct answer: challenged

Explanation: The word 'challenged' is a past participle used here to indicate that the system is currently facing difficulties due to poor planning and land tenure. This fits grammatically and contextually as it describes the ongoing issues affecting the water supply system.

Meaning: 'Challenged' means to be faced with difficulties or obstacles.

Wrong options:

• gained: The verb 'gained' is in the past tense and does not relate to the current state of the water supply system.
• revised: The verb 'revised' implies making changes, which does not fit the context of facing challenges.
• utility: The noun 'utility' does not fit grammatically as it does not serve as a verb in this context.
• requires: The verb 'requires' does not fit here as it does not describe the state of being challenged.
• adequate: The adjective 'adequate' does not fit as it does not convey the action of being faced with challenges.

Correct answer: adequate

Explanation: The adjective 'adequate' describes the level of water supply that should be ensured. It fits grammatically as it modifies the noun 'supply' and contextually as it addresses the quality of water supply that has not been met.

Meaning: 'Adequate' means sufficient or satisfactory in quantity or quality.

Wrong options:

• gained: The verb 'gained' does not fit as it does not describe the quality of water supply.
• revised: The verb 'revised' does not relate to the quality of water supply and does not fit grammatically.
• utility: The noun 'utility' does not fit as it does not describe the quality of water supply.
• requires: The verb 'requires' does not fit as it does not describe the state of the water supply.
• challenged: The past participle 'challenged' does not fit as it does not describe the quality of the water supply.

Correct answer: supplying

Explanation: The gerund 'supplying' functions as a noun here, indicating the action that the assemblies would undertake. It fits grammatically as it follows the preposition 'of' and contextually as it describes the responsibility of providing water.

Meaning: 'Supplying' means to provide or make available.

Wrong options:

• gained: The verb 'gained' does not fit as it does not describe an action related to providing water.
• revised: The verb 'revised' does not relate to the action of providing water and does not fit grammatically.
• utility: The noun 'utility' does not fit as it does not describe the action of supplying water.
• requires: The verb 'requires' does not fit as it does not describe the action of providing water.
• challenged: The verb 'challenged' does not fit as it does not relate to the action of supplying water.

Correct answer: inequalities

Explanation: The noun 'inequalities' refers to the disparities in access to water, fitting grammatically as it serves as the object of the preposition 'in' and contextually as it highlights the issues that need to be addressed.

Meaning: 'Inequalities' means the state of not being equal, especially in terms of access or opportunities.

Wrong options:

• gained: The verb 'gained' does not fit as it does not describe a state of disparity.
• revised: The verb 'revised' does not relate to the concept of disparities in access to water.
• utility: The noun 'utility' does not fit as it does not describe the state of access to water.
• requires: The verb 'requires' does not fit as it does not describe the state of inequality.
• challenged: The verb 'challenged' does not fit as it does not describe the state of disparities in access.