Meaning: 'Turning' refers to the act of changing direction or focus, in this case, from psychology and philosophy to ethics and sociology.

Wrong options:

• hit: 'Hit' is a verb that does not convey the intended meaning of changing focus and does not fit grammatically in this context.
• changing: 'Changing' is a gerund but does not fit the sentence structure as well as 'turning' does, as it lacks the nuance of direction implied in the context.
• gained: 'Gained' is a past tense verb that does not fit the grammatical structure needed here, as it does not describe the action of shifting attention.
• left for: 'Left for' is a phrase indicating departure, which does not relate to the action of changing focus in this context.
• resulted in: 'Resulted in' is a phrase that indicates an outcome, not an action of changing focus, making it grammatically incorrect here.
• led off: 'Led off' is a phrasal verb that suggests initiating a sequence, which does not align with the intended meaning of shifting attention.

Correct answer: left for

Explanation: The phrase 'left for' indicates that Durkheim departed to another location, which is appropriate in this context as it describes his move to Germany. It fits grammatically and contextually, as it shows the action of leaving one place for another.

Meaning: 'Left for' means to depart from one place with the intention of going to another, in this case, Germany.

Wrong options:

• hit: 'Hit' is a verb that does not convey the action of departing and does not fit grammatically in this context.
• turning: 'Turning' does not fit here as it does not relate to the action of leaving or traveling to another location.
• gained: 'Gained' is a past tense verb that does not describe the action of leaving and is therefore incorrect in this context.
• resulted in: 'Resulted in' indicates an outcome rather than an action of departure, making it grammatically unsuitable here.
• led off: 'Led off' suggests initiating a sequence rather than departing to another location, which does not fit the context.

Correct answer: resulted in

Explanation: The phrase 'resulted in' indicates that Durkheim's time in Germany led to a specific outcome, which is the publication of numerous articles. This fits grammatically and contextually, as it shows a cause-and-effect relationship between his studies and the resulting publications.

Meaning: 'Resulted in' means to lead to a particular outcome or consequence, in this case, the publication of articles.

Wrong options:

• hit: 'Hit' does not convey a cause-and-effect relationship and is grammatically incorrect in this context.
• gained: 'Gained' does not fit here as it does not indicate a result or outcome but rather an acquisition, which is not the intended meaning.
• turning: 'Turning' does not relate to the outcome of Durkheim's studies and is therefore incorrect in this context.
• left for: 'Left for' indicates departure, not a result, making it unsuitable for this blank.
• led off: 'Led off' suggests initiating a sequence rather than indicating a result, which does not fit the context.

Correct answer: gained

Explanation: The word 'gained' is a past tense verb that indicates Durkheim's articles received recognition. It fits grammatically as it follows the structure of the sentence and aligns with the context of achieving acknowledgment in France.

Meaning: 'Gained' means to obtain or receive something, in this case, recognition for his work.

Wrong options:

• hit: 'Hit' does not convey the idea of receiving recognition and is grammatically incorrect in this context.
• turning: 'Turning' does not fit here as it does not relate to the action of receiving recognition.
• left for: 'Left for' indicates departure, which does not fit the context of gaining recognition.
• resulted in: 'Resulted in' indicates an outcome rather than the action of receiving recognition, making it unsuitable here.
• led off: 'Led off' suggests initiating a sequence rather than receiving recognition, which does not fit the context.