Meaning: 'Income' refers to the money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investments.

Wrong options:

• expenditure: 'Expenditure' refers to the amount spent, which does not fit the context of measuring financial resources available to individuals.
• effects: 'Effects' are the results or outcomes of a situation, which do not relate to the financial measure needed here.
• lessened: 'Lessened' is a verb that means to reduce, which does not fit as it does not represent a financial metric.
• average: 'Average' is a noun that refers to a typical amount, but it does not specifically denote financial earnings.
• distributed: 'Distributed' is a verb that refers to the act of sharing out, which does not fit as it does not represent a financial measure.

Correct answer: average

Explanation: The term 'average' is a noun that describes a typical or mean value, which is essential in discussing the quality of life in relation to income distribution. It fits grammatically and contextually as it relates to the overall living standards of the population.

Meaning: 'Average' refers to a value that represents the central or typical amount in a set of data.

Wrong options:

• example: 'Example' is a noun that refers to a representative form or instance, which does not fit in the context of describing quality of life.
• effects: 'Effects' are the results of actions, which do not relate to the quality of life being measured here.
• expenditure: 'Expenditure' refers to spending, which does not fit as it does not describe a measure of quality of life.
• incidence: 'Incidence' refers to the occurrence of something, which does not fit as it does not describe a measure of quality of life.
• distributed: 'Distributed' is a verb that refers to the act of sharing out, which does not fit as it does not describe a measure of quality of life.

Correct answer: distributed

Explanation: The word 'distributed' is a verb that indicates how income is shared among the population. It fits grammatically as it describes the action affecting the income levels and their relation to poverty.

Meaning: 'Distributed' means to share out something among a group, in this case, income among the population.

Wrong options:

• example: 'Example' is a noun that does not fit as it does not describe an action related to income.
• incidence: 'Incidence' refers to the rate of occurrence, which does not fit as it does not describe how income is shared.
• average: 'Average' is a noun that does not fit as it does not describe an action related to income distribution.
• effects: 'Effects' are the results of actions, which do not relate to the distribution of income.
• lessened: 'Lessened' is a verb that means to reduce, which does not fit as it does not describe the sharing of income.

Correct answer: example

Explanation: The term 'example' is a noun that serves to illustrate a point or case, fitting grammatically and contextually as it introduces a comparison between Brazil and Hungary.

Meaning: 'Example' refers to a representative instance used to illustrate a concept or point.

Wrong options:

• distributed: 'Distributed' is a verb that does not fit as it does not serve to illustrate a comparison.
• incidence: 'Incidence' refers to the occurrence of something, which does not fit as it does not illustrate a comparison.
• average: 'Average' is a noun that does not fit as it does not serve to illustrate a comparison.
• effects: 'Effects' are the results of actions, which do not serve to illustrate a comparison.
• income: 'Income' refers to financial earnings, which does not fit as it does not serve to illustrate a comparison.

Correct answer: incidence

Explanation: The word 'incidence' is a noun that refers to the frequency or rate of occurrence of a particular event, which fits grammatically and contextually as it discusses the prevalence of poverty in Brazil.

Meaning: 'Incidence' refers to the rate at which something occurs, in this case, poverty.

Wrong options:

• example: 'Example' is a noun that does not fit as it does not describe a rate or frequency of occurrence.
• distributed: 'Distributed' is a verb that does not fit as it does not describe a rate or frequency of occurrence.
• average: 'Average' is a noun that does not fit as it does not describe a rate or frequency of occurrence.
• effects: 'Effects' are the results of actions, which do not describe a rate or frequency of occurrence.
• income: 'Income' refers to financial earnings, which does not fit as it does not describe a rate or frequency of occurrence.