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Practice Listening: Highlight Correct Summary ID: #34638 Medium Gregor Mendel
Instructions ›
You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording.

Transcript:

Knowledge of the inheritance of characteristics has been implicitly used since prehistoric times for improving crop plants and animals through selective breeding. However, the modern science of genetics, which seeks to understand the mechanisms of inheritance, only began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century. Although he did not know the physical basis for the heredity, Mendel observed that inheritance is fundamentally a discrete process where specific traits are inherited in an independent manner. These basic units of inheritance are now called genes. Although genetics plays a large role in determining the appearance and behaviour of organisms, it is the interactions of genetics with the environment, an organism experiences that determines the ultimate outcome. For example, while genes play a role in determining a person's height, the nutrition and health, that person experiences in childhood also have a large effect.
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Result:

AI explanationShows the answer. Tap to open.
Option 2: "The work of Gregor Mendel gave us keen insights into the mechanics of inheritance and we slowly unraveled the role of genes, which, apart from external environment, determined human traits."

Explanation: This option accurately summarizes the text by highlighting Mendel's contributions to understanding inheritance and the role of genes alongside environmental factors in determining traits. It captures the essence of the text, which discusses both genetic mechanisms and their interaction with the environment.

Option 1: "Knowledge of basic laws of inheritance was available much before Gregor Mendel, though he studied the phenomenon scientifically and pioneered genetics."

Explanation: This option incorrectly states that knowledge of inheritance existed before Mendel. The text emphasizes that while selective breeding was practiced, the scientific understanding of genetics began with Mendel's work. Therefore, this option misrepresents the timeline and significance of Mendel's contributions.

Option 3: "Gregor Mendel pioneered the study of inheritance though he did not know its mechanics. Today we know better about genetic and environmental influences on human traits."

Explanation: While this option acknowledges Mendel's pioneering work, it inaccurately suggests that he was unaware of any mechanics of inheritance. The text states that Mendel observed inheritance as a discrete process, indicating he had insights into its mechanics, albeit not the physical basis. Thus, this option misrepresents Mendel's understanding.

Option 4: "Gregor Mendel identified specific traits of inheritance and studied the discrete influence of genetics and environment on human appearance and behavior."

Explanation: This option incorrectly implies that Mendel studied the influence of the environment on traits, which the text does not support. While it mentions Mendel's identification of traits, it fails to accurately reflect the text's emphasis on the interaction between genetics and the environment as a later understanding, not part of Mendel's work.

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