PLOS - Marvel EDU

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Practice Listening: Highlight Correct Summary ID: #45656 Medium PLOS

Instructions ›

You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording.

Transcript:

Ever try to get a baby to smile It can seem close to impossible. And then suddenly, there it is, that elusive, seemingly joyous grin. Well, it turns out those smiles aren't spontaneous. They're strategic. Researchers have found that when babies smile, it's for a reason. They want whoever they're interacting with, typically a parent, to smile back. And they time it just so, a smile here and a smile there. The researchers call it sophisticated timing. The study is in the journal PLOS One. The researchers enlisted real mothers and infants and quantified their interactions, which fell into four categories. One, babies wanted to maximize the amount of time smiling at their mothers. Two, they wanted to maximize the time the mother smiled at them. Three, they wanted to experience simultaneous smiling. And four, no smiling at all. By studying when smiles happened and what the subsequent effect was, the investigators were able to figure out that for mothers, the goal seventy percent of the time was to be smiling simultaneously, while for babies eighty percent of the time, they just wanted their mother smiling at them. So mothers want the interaction while babies just want to be smiled at. So your baby may not be able to feed itself, talk, or even turn over yet. But when it comes to smiles, babies seem to know exactly what they're up to.

* Click on the correct answer

It depends on whom the babies interact with. Research showed that 70% of mothers prefer to smile simultaneously while 80% of babies want their mother to smile at them. So the mother wants the interaction but babies want the smile. Therefore, although babies are not able to feed themselves, talk or even turn over, they know exactly what they want. So, babies want the interaction, while mothers just want to be smiled at. So your baby may not be able to feed itself, talk or even turn over yet. But when it comes to smiles, babies seem to know exactly what they're up to. Researchers have found that when babies smile, it's not for a reason. They want whoever they’re interacting with— typically a parent—to smile back. The researchers enlisted real mothers and infants and quantified their interactions, which fell into four categories. One: babies did not wanted to maximize the amount of time smiling at their mothers. Two: they did not wanted to maximize the time the mothers smiled at them.

Result:

AI explanationShows the answer. Tap to open.

Option 1: "It depends on whom the babies interact with. Research showed that 70% of mothers prefer to smile simultaneously while 80% of babies want their mother to smile at them. So the mother wants the interaction but babies want the smile. Therefore, although babies are not able to feed themselves, talk or even turn over, they know exactly what they want."

Explanation: This option accurately summarizes the main ideas presented in the text. It highlights the key findings of the research, specifically the percentages of mothers and babies regarding their smiling preferences. The phrase 'the mother wants the interaction but babies want the smile' encapsulates the contrasting desires of mothers and babies, which is a central theme of the text. Additionally, it concludes with the notion that babies, despite their developmental limitations, have a clear understanding of their social interactions, aligning with the text's conclusion.

Option 2: "So, babies want the interaction, while mothers just want to be smiled at. So your baby may not be able to feed itself, talk or even turn over yet. But when it comes to smiles, babies seem to know exactly what they're up to."

Explanation: This option incorrectly states that 'babies want the interaction, while mothers just want to be smiled at.' This is a reversal of the findings in the text, where it is established that mothers prefer simultaneous smiling while babies primarily want their mothers to smile at them. The rest of the option does echo the text's conclusion about babies knowing what they want, but it fails to accurately represent the main ideas, leading to its incorrectness.

Option 3: "Researchers have found that when babies smile, it's not for a reason. They want whoever they’re interacting with— typically a parent—to smile back."

Explanation: This option contradicts the text, which states that babies smile for a reason, specifically to elicit a smile from their parents. The phrase 'it's not for a reason' directly opposes the findings presented in the text, making this option incorrect. The text emphasizes the strategic nature of babies' smiles, which is not captured in this option.

Option 4: "The researchers enlisted real mothers and infants and quantified their interactions, which fell into four categories. One: babies did not wanted to maximize the amount of time smiling at their mothers. Two: they did not wanted to maximize the time the mothers smiled at them."

Explanation: This option misrepresents the findings of the research. It states that 'babies did not wanted to maximize the amount of time smiling at their mothers,' which is incorrect as the text clearly states that babies do want to maximize this time. Additionally, the grammatical errors ('did not wanted') further detract from the clarity and correctness of the statement. The option fails to accurately summarize the categories of interaction outlined in the text.

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