Theory - Marvel EDU

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Practice Listening: Highlight Correct Summary ID: #4625 Medium Theory

Instructions ›

You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording.

Transcript:

The Steady State theory is a competing model to the Big Bang theory of the origins of our universe. The Steady State theory asserts that, while the universe is continually expanding, the density of matter remains unchanged because new matter is constantly being created. According to this model, the observable universe has neither a beginning nor an end and is basically the same at any given point in time or place. While never as popular as the Big Bang theory, the model initially gained the support of some cosmologists in the early to mid-twentieth century. More recently, however, it has been dismissed by the large majority of scientists working in the field due to an increase in observational evidence supporting a Big Bang cosmology and a finite universe—in particular, the discovery in the 1950s of cosmic-microwave radiation, a remnant from an earlier phase of the universe. The existence of such residual matter had been predicted by the Big Bang model but could not be explained by the Steady State theory.

* Click on the correct answer

The Steady State theory was a fairly influential alternative to the Big Bang theory. It described a basically unchanging universe. It is now generally rejected due to contradictory evidence. The Steady State theory shares some principles with the Big Bang theory but differs in its approach to observable data. While most scientists initially supported it, it has fallen out of favour due to more recent research. The Steady State theory is an alternative form of the Big Bang model developed to account for changes in the observable universe. While many scientists initially supported it, it contradicted basic premises of theoretical physics and has drawn criticism. The Steady State theory was an alternative to the Big Bang model that rejected the possibility of an expanding universe and which proposed that all matter remains unchanged. It originally enjoyed little success but the discovery of microwave radiation has helped convince some scientists.

Result:

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Option 1: "The Steady State theory was a fairly influential alternative to the Big Bang theory. It described a basically unchanging universe. It is now generally rejected due to contradictory evidence."

Explanation: This option accurately summarizes the main points of the text. It identifies the Steady State theory as an alternative to the Big Bang theory and highlights its assertion of an unchanging universe, which aligns with the text's description of the theory. Furthermore, it notes that the theory is now generally rejected due to contradictory evidence, which is supported by the text's mention of increased observational evidence favoring the Big Bang model.

Option 2: "The Steady State theory shares some principles with the Big Bang theory but differs in its approach to observable data. While most scientists initially supported it, it has fallen out of favour due to more recent research."

Explanation: This option incorrectly suggests that the Steady State theory shares principles with the Big Bang theory, which is not supported by the text. The text emphasizes that the Steady State theory is a competing model, not one that shares principles. Additionally, it states that the theory was never as popular as the Big Bang theory, contradicting the claim that most scientists initially supported it.

Option 3: "The Steady State theory is an alternative form of the Big Bang model developed to account for changes in the observable universe. While many scientists initially supported it, it contradicted basic premises of theoretical physics and has drawn criticism."

Explanation: This option mischaracterizes the Steady State theory as an alternative form of the Big Bang model, which is incorrect according to the text. The Steady State theory is presented as a competing model, not a variation of the Big Bang. Furthermore, the text does not mention that it contradicted basic premises of theoretical physics, nor does it state that it drew criticism from scientists initially.

Option 4: "The Steady State theory was an alternative to the Big Bang model that rejected the possibility of an expanding universe and which proposed that all matter remains unchanged. It originally enjoyed little success but the discovery of microwave radiation has helped convince some scientists."

Explanation: This option incorrectly states that the Steady State theory rejected the possibility of an expanding universe, which contradicts the text that clearly states the theory asserts the universe is continually expanding. Additionally, the text indicates that the theory was initially supported by some cosmologists, not that it enjoyed little success. The mention of microwave radiation is also misrepresented, as the text states it supported the Big Bang model, not the Steady State theory.

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