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Practice Reading: Multiple Choice, Multiple Answers ID: #32996 Changes in Europe
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Read the text and answer the question by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response.
Europe in the eleventh century underwent enormous social, technological, and economic changes, but this did not create a new Europe—it created two new ones. The north was developed as a rigidly hierarchical society in which status was determined, or was at least indicated, by the extent to which one owned, controlled, or labored on land; whereas the Mediterranean south developed a more fluid, and therefore more chaotic, world in which industry and commerce predominated and social status both reflected and resulted from the role that one played in the public life of the community. ln other words, individual identity and social community in the north were established on a personal basis, whereas in the south they were established on a civic basis. By the start of the twelfth century, northern and southern Europe were very different places indeed, and the Europeans themselves noticed it and commented on it.

Which of the following was a deciding factor in person's place in society in northern and southern Europe respectively at the end of the eleventh century?

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Option 3: "Role in public life in the community."

Explanation: This option is correct as it aligns with the text's description of southern Europe, where social status is influenced by one's role in public life. The text states that in the Mediterranean south, social status reflected and resulted from public roles, indicating that this was a key factor in determining a person's place in society.

Option 1: "Ownership of a commercial enterprise."

Explanation: This option is incorrect because the text does not mention ownership of a commercial enterprise as a factor in determining social status in northern Europe. Instead, it emphasizes land ownership and labor as the key determinants in the north, while commerce is more relevant to the south.

Option 2: "Participation in social and technological changes."

Explanation: This option is incorrect because the text does not specify participation in social and technological changes as a deciding factor for social status. The focus is on the established roles related to land in the north and civic roles in the south, rather than participation in changes.

Option 4: "Relationship to land through ownership or labor."

Explanation: This option is correct because the text explicitly states that in northern Europe, social status was determined by the extent of land ownership or labor. This rigid hierarchy is a central theme in the text, making this option a valid factor for northern society.

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