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Practice Reading: Multiple Choice, Multiple Answers ID: #33600 Psychodynamic Approach
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Read the text and answer the question by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response.
The Psychodynamic Approach. Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior, including aggression. Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. Yet children, also fearing their parents' punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. The Freudian perspective, in a sense: sees us as "steam engines." By holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions. Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life.

According to the paragraph, Freud believed that children experience conflict between a desire to vent aggression on their parents and

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Option 2: "a fear that their parents will punish them"

Explanation: This option is correct as the text explicitly states that children fear their parents' punishment, which leads them to repress their aggressive impulses. This fear is a key part of the conflict described by Freud, highlighting the internal struggle children face.

Option 1: "a frustration that their parents do not give them everything they want"

Explanation: This option is incorrect because while the text mentions that children feel frustrated when their demands are not immediately met, it does not state that this frustration is about not receiving everything they want. The text focuses on the conflict between aggressive impulses and the fear of punishment, rather than a general frustration.

Option 3: "a desire to take care of their parents"

Explanation: This option is incorrect because the text does not mention any desire to take care of parents. Instead, it discusses children's aggressive impulses and their fear of punishment, which does not align with the idea of wanting to care for their parents.

Option 4: "a desire to vent aggression on other family members"

Explanation: This option is incorrect as the text specifically discusses children's aggressive impulses directed towards their parents, not other family members. The focus is on the conflict with parental figures rather than a broader family context.

Option 5: "a fear for loss of their parents love"

Explanation: This option is correct because the text mentions that children fear losing their parents' love, which contributes to their repression of aggressive impulses. This fear is a significant part of the internal conflict described by Freud.

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