First sentence: Why this is the first line? This paragraph is the first sentence because it introduces the main topic about the efficiency of the Japanese. It does not need another sentence for context. It gives a broad overview of the subject without going into details. Why other lines are not choosen? The other paragraphs are not chosen because they do not stand alone. For example, Paragraph 2 starts with 'But', which is a conjunction. Paragraph 3 uses 'They', which is a pronoun that refers back to another idea. Paragraph 4 uses 'The', which assumes prior knowledge of 'efficiency' and 'effectiveness'.

Concluding sentence: Why this is the last line? This paragraph is the last sentence because it summarizes the main points about efficiency and effectiveness. It brings together the ideas discussed in the previous paragraphs.

Paragraph pairs:

• Pair 1 (Paragraph 1 → Paragraph 2): Paragraph 2 connects with Paragraph 1 because it uses the connector 'But'. This shows a contrast between the efficiency of the Japanese and American businesses.
• Pair 2 (Paragraph 2 → Paragraph 3): Paragraph 3 follows Paragraph 2 logically because it explains how the Japanese reach efficiency. It continues the idea of efficiency and gives more detail.
• Pair 3 (Paragraph 3 → Paragraph 4): Paragraph 4 connects with Paragraph 3 because it explains the difference between efficiency and effectiveness. It gives a broader context to the previous idea.