First sentence: Why this is the first line? This paragraph is the first line because it introduces the main topic of the text. It tells us that there are two techniques for training elephants. This is a general statement that does not need other sentences for context. It does not use any pronouns or definite articles that refer to previous ideas. Why other lines are not chosen? The other paragraphs are not chosen because they do not meet the criteria for being independent. For example, Paragraph 2 starts with "Apart from any moral considerations" which is a phrase that needs context. Paragraph 3 starts with "The former method" which refers back to the first method, so it cannot stand alone. Paragraph 4 starts with "The gentle method" which also refers back to the previous methods.

Concluding sentence: Why this is the last line? This paragraph is the last line because it wraps up the discussion about the two methods. It shows the positive outcome of using the gentle method. It gives a conclusion about the best way to train elephants.

Paragraph pairs:

• Pair 1 (Paragraph 1 → Paragraph 2): Paragraph 2 connects with Paragraph 1 because it explains one of the two techniques mentioned in Paragraph 1. This is a logical order where the first paragraph introduces the topic and the second paragraph gives more detail about the tough method.
• Pair 2 (Paragraph 2 → Paragraph 3): Paragraph 3 connects with Paragraph 2 because it gives a negative view of the method described in Paragraph 2. This shows a cause and effect relationship where the method leads to a bad outcome.
• Pair 3 (Paragraph 3 → Paragraph 4): Paragraph 4 connects with Paragraph 3 because it introduces the gentle method as a better alternative. This shows a contrast between the two methods, where the first method is bad and the second method is good.