First sentence: Why this is the first line? This paragraph is the first sentence because it introduces the main topic of modern Afghanistan. It gives a clear starting point in time, which is 1747. This follows the rule of Introduction, as it sets up the main theme without going into details. Why other lines are not chosen? The other paragraphs are not chosen because they do not stand alone as the first sentence. For example, Paragraph 2 starts with 'Their leader,' which needs context. Paragraph 3 starts with 'But for much of his reign,' which shows a contrast and needs prior information. Paragraph 4 uses 'the' which assumes prior knowledge. Paragraph 5 starts with 'He applies,' which refers back to someone. Paragraph 6 starts with 'Ahmad Shah Durrani,' which is not an introduction. Paragraph 7 starts with 'But,' which indicates a continuation.

Concluding sentence: Why this is the last line? This paragraph is the last sentence because it wraps up the information about Afghanistan during Ahmad Shah Durrani's reign. It gives a final overview of the extent of the empire. This follows the Summary Style rule, as it brings together the earlier points about his leadership and campaigns.

Paragraph pairs:

• Pair 1 (Paragraph 1 → Paragraph 2): Paragraph 2 connects to Paragraph 1 because it continues the story of Afghanistan's history. The first paragraph introduces the start of modern Afghanistan, and the second paragraph tells us about the leader who comes next. This follows the Logical Order rule.
• Pair 2 (Paragraph 2 → Paragraph 3): Paragraph 3 connects to Paragraph 2 because it gives more information about Ahmad Khan Abdali. After he becomes king, he takes a title and changes his tribe's name. This follows the Broader to Specific Strategy, as it gives specific details about the leader.
• Pair 3 (Paragraph 3 → Paragraph 4): Paragraph 4 connects to Paragraph 3 because it tells us more about Ahmad Shah Durrani. It explains who he is now and what he has learned. This follows the Topical Order rule, as it keeps the focus on the same person.
• Pair 4 (Paragraph 4 → Paragraph 5): Paragraph 5 connects to Paragraph 4 because it shows what Ahmad Shah Durrani does with what he has learned. It explains how he uses his skills. This follows the Logical Order rule, as it shows the next step in his story.
• Pair 5 (Paragraph 5 → Paragraph 6): Paragraph 6 connects to Paragraph 5 because it explains the results of Ahmad Shah Durrani's skills. It shows how his empire changes based on his actions. This follows the Cause and Effect Relationship rule.
• Pair 6 (Paragraph 6 → Paragraph 7): Paragraph 7 connects to Paragraph 6 because it gives a broader view of the empire's size during Ahmad Shah Durrani's reign. It shows the geographical extent of Afghanistan. This follows the Broader to Specific Strategy, as it moves from the details of his campaigns to the overall size of the empire.