First sentence: Why this is the first line? This paragraph is the first because it introduces the main topic of the text. It talks about the invention of the printing press and its importance. This is a broad overview of the subject. It does not refer to any previous information. Why other lines are not chosen? Paragraph 2 starts with "In 1476," which gives a specific time and is not general. Paragraph 3 uses "By 1640," which also gives a specific time. Paragraph 4 starts with "It is estimated," which is not a general statement. Paragraph 5 starts with "It is estimated that by 1530," which is also not general.

Concluding sentence: Why this is the last line? This paragraph is the last because it provides a conclusion about literacy in England. It summarizes the impact of the printing press and gives a specific statistic. This wraps up the main ideas discussed in the text.

Paragraph pairs:

• Pair 1 (Paragraph 1 → Paragraph 2): This pair connects because the first paragraph introduces the invention of the printing press. The second paragraph gives a specific example of this invention, mentioning William Caxton. This shows a logical order from a general idea to a specific event.
• Pair 2 (Paragraph 2 → Paragraph 3): This pair connects because the second paragraph talks about the first printing press. The third paragraph shows the result of this press over time, mentioning the number of works printed. This shows a logical order from a specific event to its broader impact.
• Pair 3 (Paragraph 3 → Paragraph 4): This pair connects because the third paragraph discusses the number of works printed. The fourth paragraph explains how this led to an increase in literacy. This shows a cause and effect relationship.
• Pair 4 (Paragraph 4 → Paragraph 5): This pair connects because the fourth paragraph talks about the increase in literacy due to the printing press. The fifth paragraph gives a specific estimate of literacy rates. This shows a logical order from a general statement to a specific fact.