First sentence: Why this is the first line? This paragraph is the first sentence because it introduces the main topic. It gives a clear time and event, which is the start of the story about Columbus. This follows the rule of Topic Sentence. Why other lines are not chosen? The other paragraphs are not chosen because they do not stand alone. For example, Paragraph 2 starts with "Sponsored" which is a continuation. Paragraph 3 starts with "However" which shows contrast. Paragraph 4 starts with "Therefore" which also shows a connection to something before. All these words mean they need more context to make sense.

Concluding sentence: Why this is the last line? This paragraph is the last sentence because it sums up the impact of Columbus's journey. It uses the word "Therefore" which shows it is concluding the ideas presented before. This follows the Conclusive Words rule.

Paragraph pairs:

• Pair 1 (Paragraph 1 → Paragraph 2): Paragraph 2 connects with Paragraph 1 because it explains why Columbus went on his voyage. This follows the Logical Order rule, as it gives more details about his intentions after stating the main event.
• Pair 2 (Paragraph 2 → Paragraph 3): Paragraph 3 connects with Paragraph 2 because it shows the result of Columbus's journey. The word "However" indicates a change in what was expected, following the Connector rule.
• Pair 3 (Paragraph 3 → Paragraph 4): Paragraph 4 connects with Paragraph 3 because it explains the impact of Columbus's landing. The word "Therefore" shows that this is a result of the previous event, following the Cause and Effect Relationship rule.