First sentence: Why this is the first line? This paragraph is the first sentence because it introduces the main topic of travel and technology. It sets the stage for the discussion about how smartphones and apps help travelers. It does not refer to any previous information, so it is independent. Why other lines are not chosen? Paragraph 2 starts with "Travelers can now..." which uses a pronoun and is not independent. Paragraph 3 starts with "Travel apps can also..." which also uses a pronoun. Paragraph 4 starts with "Furthermore..." which is a conjunction and not independent.

Concluding sentence: Why this is the last line? This paragraph is the last sentence because it wraps up the discussion about travel apps. It summarizes the benefits of these apps, making travel easier. It does not introduce new ideas, so it concludes the text.

Paragraph pairs:

• Pair 1 (Paragraph 1 → Paragraph 2): This pair connects because Paragraph 2 explains how travel has become more accessible. It gives specific examples of what travelers can do with smartphones. This follows the Broader to Specific Strategy.
• Pair 2 (Paragraph 2 → Paragraph 3): This pair connects because Paragraph 3 continues the idea of how apps help travelers. It gives more details about what travelers can do. This follows the Logical Order strategy.
• Pair 3 (Paragraph 3 → Paragraph 4): This pair connects because Paragraph 4 adds more information about the features of travel apps. It shows how these features make travel easier. This follows the Connector strategy.