First sentence: Why this is the first line? This paragraph is the first sentence because it introduces the main idea about causation. It is a general statement that does not need another sentence for context. It does not start with a conjunction or use pronouns. It sets the stage for the discussion about crime. Why other lines are not chosen? Paragraph 2 starts with 'This picture', which uses a pronoun and needs prior context. Paragraph 3 starts with 'The factors', which uses the definite article 'the' and assumes prior knowledge. Paragraph 4 starts with 'Instead', which is a conjunction and shows a continuation of thought. Paragraph 5 starts with 'The more', which uses the definite article 'the' and assumes prior knowledge.

Concluding sentence: Why this is the last line? This paragraph is the last sentence because it summarizes the main point about risk factors and crime. It provides a clear conclusion to the discussion.

Paragraph pairs:

• Pair 1 (Paragraph 1 → Paragraph 2): Paragraph 2 connects with Paragraph 1 because it explains why the idea in Paragraph 1 is not helpful. It uses the connector 'This picture' to refer back to the idea of causation.
• Pair 2 (Paragraph 2 → Paragraph 3): Paragraph 3 follows Paragraph 2 because it gives more detail about the factors that criminologists see as causes. It continues the topic of causation.
• Pair 3 (Paragraph 3 → Paragraph 4): Paragraph 4 connects with Paragraph 3 because it explains how the factors mentioned in Paragraph 3 affect criminal behavior. It uses 'Instead' to show a shift in focus.
• Pair 4 (Paragraph 4 → Paragraph 5): Paragraph 5 logically follows Paragraph 4 because it gives a specific example of how risk factors affect crime. It continues the discussion about risk.