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Practice Reading: Multiple Choice, Single Answer ID: #44484 Functional relationship
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Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.
Many sociologists have argued that there is a functional relationship between education and the economic system. They point to the fact that mass formal education began in industrial society. They note that the expansion of the economies of industrial societies is accompanied by a corresponding expansion of their educational systems. They explain this correspondence in terms of the needs of industry for skilled and trained manpower, needs which are met by the educational system. Thus, the provision of mass elementary education in Britain in 1870 can be seen as a response to the needs of industry for a literate and numerate workforce at a time when industrial processes were becoming more complex and the demand for technical skills was steadily growing.

The observation of the Sociologists are based on a study of

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Option 4: "growth of industry 19th century"

Explanation: This option accurately reflects the text's emphasis on the growth of industry during the 19th century and its relationship with the expansion of educational systems. The text states that the provision of mass education was a response to the needs of industry, particularly during a time of industrial growth, making this option the most relevant and correct.

Option 1: "the statistical data available in a historical context"

Explanation: This option suggests that the sociologists' observations are based on statistical data, which is not explicitly mentioned in the text. The text focuses on the relationship between education and the economic system rather than specific statistical analysis. Therefore, this option does not accurately reflect the basis of their observations.

Option 2: "economic system of the 19th century"

Explanation: While the text discusses the economic system in relation to education, it does not limit the sociologists' observations specifically to the 19th century. The text refers to industrial societies in a broader context, making this option too narrow and not fully representative of the sociologists' observations.

Option 3: "the correlation between industry and education in a historical context"

Explanation: This option implies a focus on the correlation between industry and education, which is indeed a theme in the text. However, it lacks specificity regarding the time frame and does not capture the essence of the sociologists' observations, which are more about the response of education to the needs of industry rather than merely stating a correlation.

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