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Practice Reading: Multiple Choice, Single Answer ID: #5587 Natural Selection
Instructions ›
Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.
When it comes to an organ of such complexity as the eye, it is not difficult to understand why some people cannot accept that such perfection was arrived at by the trial and error, or gradual development, of natural selection. Yet people thought the Earth stood still until Copernicus told them otherwise. In the same way, it shouldn't be hard to believe that a complex eye could be formed by natural selection if it can be shown that there were numerous stages from a simple and imperfect eye to a complex and perfect one, with each development being useful to its possessor and the variations being inherited.
However, the search for the stages through which an organ in any one species has come to perfection, which ideally would mean looking exclusively at its past generations, is rarely possible. Therefore, researchers are forced to examine species and genera of the same group to discover what stages or gradual developments are possible. Even the state of development of the same organ in a different class of creature may throw light on the steps taken towards perfection.
Some people object that in order for the eye to modify and still remain a useful instrument to its owner, many changes would have had to take place simultaneously. However, it is not necessary to suppose this if the modifications were extremely slight and gradual.

Why are researchers forced to look outside a specific species for clues to gradual development?

* Click on the correct answer

Result:

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Option 2: "Because evidence of its ancestors is almost impossible to find."

Explanation: This option accurately reflects the text's assertion that researchers often cannot look exclusively at a species' past generations to find evidence of gradual development. The text states that the search for stages of development is rarely possible, which aligns with the idea that finding evidence of ancestors is difficult. This understanding is crucial for grasping why researchers must examine related species instead.

Option 1: "Because the eye is so complex and perfect already."

Explanation: This option suggests that the complexity and perfection of the eye is the reason researchers look outside a specific species. However, the text does not support this claim. Instead, it emphasizes that the search for stages of development is challenging due to the rarity of finding evidence from past generations, not because the eye is already perfect. Thus, this option misinterprets the text's main argument.

Option 3: "Because the eye cannot change without losing its usefulness."

Explanation: This option implies that the eye's ability to change is limited by its usefulness, which contradicts the text. The author argues that modifications can be slight and gradual, allowing the eye to remain functional during its evolution. Therefore, this option misrepresents the text's argument about the nature of gradual changes in the eye.

Option 4: "Because other species have more complex eyes."

Explanation: This option suggests that researchers look outside a specific species because other species possess more complex eyes. However, the text does not mention the complexity of eyes in other species as a reason for this research approach. Instead, it focuses on the difficulty of finding ancestral evidence, making this option irrelevant to the text's main point.

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