Tips: Listen for the speaker's own view. Then note each step the speaker suggests.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Keep visits at today's level, and make the ships cleaner.: The speaker wants cleaner ships, but also a limit on the number of ship visits.
• Cap visits in the summer only, and make the ships cleaner.: The speaker wants a limit for each season. The speaker never says the limit should apply only in summer.
• Ban the largest ships, and make the others cleaner.: The speaker wants to cap the number of port calls. The speaker never talks about banning the largest ships.

Correct Answer: Underwater noise from ships disturbs how endangered whales behave.

Why this is correct: Marine biologists warn that underwater noise from cruise ships disrupts endangered southern resident killer whales. These whales rely on sound to hunt and communicate.

Tips: Keep each expert or group apart in your notes. Write each warning next to its name.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Noise from cruise ships disturbs the people living near the port.: Noise near the port is a complaint from James Bay residents. The biologists warn about underwater noise and whales.
• Heavy fuel oil releases fine particles over the harbour.: Heavy fuel oil and fine particles come up in the environmental groups' point about air. The biologists talk about noise.
• Ships idling in port waste fuel and add to air pollution.: Idling engines come up in the speaker's suggestions at the end, not in the biologists' warning.

Correct Answer: one large ship can pollute the air very heavily.

Why this is correct: The David Suzuki Foundation looked at a single large cruise ship. In one day, it can produce as much air pollution as 13,000 cars.

Tips: When a report is mentioned, ask what exactly it measured and how big the result is.

Why the other options are wrong:

• the whole cruise fleet pollutes as much as a small city.: The comparison is about a single large ship, not the whole fleet.
• underwater noise from ships harms endangered whales.: Whale noise is a separate warning from marine biologists, not the foundation's finding.
• treated wastewater can still harm coastal waters.: Wastewater is a separate point about algal blooms. The report is about air pollution.

Correct Answer: Confident that the evidence points one way.

Why this is correct: The speaker says the evidence is fairly clear. The speaker then says plainly that we need limits on ship visits.

Tips: Listen to how firmly the speaker states their own view.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Unsure, as both sides make equally strong points.: The speaker accepts that the economic benefits are real. But the speaker says the evidence is fairly clear.
• Annoyed with residents for complaining too much.: The speaker reports the residents' complaints without any annoyance.
• Confident that cleaner fuels alone would be enough.: The speaker is confident, but asks for three steps, not only cleaner fuels.

Correct Answer: the crowding that passengers bring to local streets.

Why this is correct: Residents complain about noise, congestion and crowding from passengers. The homeowner could hardly walk to her coffee shop without meeting a wave of passengers with suitcases.

Tips: After a personal story, ask which complaint it gives an example of.

Why the other options are wrong:

• the noise that ships make when they come into port.: Residents do mention noise. But the homeowner's story is about crowds of passengers on the sidewalk.
• the money that passengers spend at local cafés.: The homeowner was walking to her coffee shop. She did not talk about passengers spending money there.
• the air pollution from ships that idle in port.: Idling engines come up in the speaker's suggestions. The homeowner's story is not about pollution.

Correct Answer: About $200,000.

Why this is correct: The Harbour Authority says about 900,000 visitors spent about 180 million dollars. That is about 200 dollars each. So 1,000 visitors would spend about $200,000.

Tips: Write down each figure you hear and what it counts. Then work out the answer step by step.

Why the other options are wrong:

• About $180,000.: This uses the 180 from the total without dividing by the number of visitors.
• About $60,000.: This uses the 60 percent figure from the shop owners. That number is about their yearly income, not spending per visitor.
• About $900,000.: This uses the 900,000 visitor count instead of the spending per visitor.