Tips: Several groups suggest a fix. Decide which one the speaker says they find convincing.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Canada should simplify its patchwork of assessment bodies, while keeping its standards.: The patchwork of bodies is the advocates' complaint. The speaker's own choice is the competency-based approach.
• Canada should have regulators set one consistent national standard for each profession.: Consistent national standards come from the medical college's argument about patients. The speaker does not make this the plan.
• Canada should keep its standards, and retrain newcomers in Canadian codes and rules.: Canadian codes and rules come from the engineering associations. The speaker prefers a competency-based route that fills only real gaps.

Correct Answer: Canadian codes, climate and rules create needs that training abroad may miss.

Why this is correct: Engineering associations point to Canadian building codes, climate and safety rules. These create technical needs that training abroad may not cover.

Tips: Two regulators give reasons here. Match each reason to the body that gives it.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Training abroad differs so much that each case must be checked closely.: Training that varies across countries is the point made by the College of Physicians and Surgeons. The engineers talk about Canadian conditions.
• Clients deserve assurance that every professional meets one national standard.: Assurance of consistent national standards is the medical college's point about patients. The engineers make a different argument.
• Many newcomers have specific gaps that short courses could quickly fill.: Filling specific gaps comes from the McGill researchers. The engineers are defending the current assessments.

Correct Answer: The yearly productivity lost when newcomers work below their training.

Why this is correct: Many skilled newcomers work far below their training level. The report says this costs about 20 billion dollars a year in lost productivity.

Tips: Ask yourself which problem the figure is attached to, and listen for the problem described just before it.

Why the other options are wrong:

• The yearly productivity lost while newcomers wait for their assessments.: Waiting times are one of the advocates' complaints. The estimate is about the wider problem of newcomers working below their training.
• The yearly productivity lost while newcomers repeat their whole degrees.: Repeating whole degrees is what McGill researchers want to avoid. The estimate does not measure it.
• The yearly productivity lost when trained Canadians move to other countries.: The report calls the problem brain waste, not brain drain. It is about newcomers in Canada, not Canadians leaving.

Correct Answer: Respectful of their concerns, while still seeing a system that fails many.

Why this is correct: The speaker says the regulators' concerns are not frivolous. Yet the speaker also says the current system clearly fails too many newcomers.

Tips: Notice how the speaker describes the regulators' concerns, and what the speaker adds after that.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Doubtful of their concerns, while still seeing the need for high standards.: The speaker says these are not frivolous concerns, so the speaker is not doubtful of them.
• Respectful of their concerns, while still blaming them for wasted talent.: Wasted talent is the advocates' complaint about the system. The speaker never blames the regulators for it.
• Persuaded by their concerns, while still wanting the fees to come down.: Fees are part of the advocates' list. The speaker never asks for lower fees.

Correct Answer: Let newcomers show their skills and train only where gaps are found.

Why this is correct: The researchers want a modular, competency-based approach. Professionals would show their skills and fill specific gaps without repeating whole degrees.

Tips: Listen for what the researchers want newcomers to avoid, and what they want them to do instead.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Let newcomers finish a shorter version of a full Canadian degree.: The researchers want to avoid repeating entire degrees, even in a shorter form. Their plan targets specific gaps only.
• Let newcomers take one national exam in place of provincial checks.: The patchwork of provincial bodies is the advocates' complaint. The researchers do not propose one national exam.
• Let newcomers work under supervision in lower-level jobs for a time.: Working below their training level is the problem the report describes. The researchers do not suggest it as a step.

Correct Answer: Whether governments and regulators will commit to building it.

Why this is correct: The speaker says it is an open question whether there is the institutional will to build that path. Institutions here means governments and regulatory bodies.

Tips: Separate what the speaker believes in from what the speaker is still unsure about.

Why the other options are wrong:

• Whether governments could find enough money to pay for it.: The speaker says the approach needs significant investment, but does not doubt the money exists. The doubt is about the will to build it.
• Whether newcomers would sign up for bridging programmes at all.: The speaker never doubts newcomers. The doubt is about institutional will.
• Whether patients would trust doctors trained in this new way.: Patient assurance is the medical college's concern. The speaker's closing doubt is about institutions, not patients.